【科学思维：《科学巨匠周培源》】|A scientific giant
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周培源
周培源(1902.8.28-1993.11.24)，江苏省宜兴县人。著名流体力学家、理论物理学家、教育家和社会活动家。九三学社社员、中国共产党党员。中国科学院院士，中国近代力学奠基人和理论物理奠基人之一 。
1902年8月28日出生于江苏省宜兴县的一个书香之家。父亲周文伯是清朝秀才。母亲冯瑛生有一子三女，周培源排行第二 。1919年，考入清华学校(今清华大学前身)中等科。学习期间，发表数学论文《三等分角法二则》，受到当时数学教授郑之蕃的赞许。
1924年，由清华学校高等科毕业。1927年在美国加州理工学院学习，获博士学位，是加州理工学院毕业的第一名中国博士生 。1929年回国后任清华大学物理系教授。
1936年至1937年，据清华大学休假规定，周培源赴美国，在普林斯顿高等学术研究院从事理论物理的研究。其间参加了爱因斯坦亲自领导的广义相对论讨论班，并从事相对论引力论和宇宙论的研究。
1937年，他假满回国。不久，抗日战争爆发。7月底，平津沦陷。8月，侵华日军开进了清华园。周培源受校长梅贻琦之托，安排学校南迁，曾先后任长沙临时大学和昆明国立西南联合大学物理系教授。在这期间，他抱著科学家应为反战服务，以科学拯救祖国危亡的志向，毅然转向流体力学方面的研究。
1959年加入中国共产党 。1972年10月6日在《光明日报》上发表一篇5000多字的阐述基础理论的教学和研究的必要性与重要性的文章，同时还给周恩来总理写信，提出加强基础理论研究的三点建议。
1978年3月开始担任中国科学院副院长(至1981年5月) 。6月27日，中共中央批准，周培源正式就任北京大学校长。10月7日周培源为团长的中国教育代表团抵达美国西海岸城市旧金山，主要参观、访问了斯坦福大学和加州大学伯克利分校等大学。
1980年周培源处理复杂的派关系让他不堪重负，身心俱疲，选择了"激流勇退" 。1993年11月24日周培源在北京逝世 。1993年，经中国有关部门的批准，正式成立周培源基金会。
周培源在物理学基础理论的两个重要方面做出了重大贡献，奠定了湍流模式理论的基础。他从事高等教育工作60多年，培养了几代力学家和物理学家。周培源在教育和科学研究中，一贯重视基础理论，同时关怀和支持新技术的研究。在组织领导中国的学术界活动、推进国内外交流合作方面作出了重要贡献。
周培源先生一生向往光明进步，追求真理，以国家独立、民族振兴、社会进步、人民幸福为己任，把毕生精力献给了祖国和人民，献给了民主科学事业。
【科学思维：《科学巨匠周培源》】
Zhou Peiyuan (August 28, 1902 - November 24, 1993) was born in Yixing County, Jiangsu Province. He was a renowned fluid dynamicist, theoretical physicist, educator, and social activist. He was a member of the Jiu San Society and the Communist Party of China. He was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and one of the founders of modern mechanics and theoretical physics in China. He was born on August 28, 1902, into a scholarly family in Yixing County, Jiangsu Province. His father, Zhou Wenbo, was a scholar in the Qing Dynasty. His mother, Feng Ying, had one son and three daughters, and Zhou Peiyuan was the second child. In 1919, he was admitted to the middle section of Tsinghua School (the predecessor of today's Tsinghua University). During his studies, he published a mathematical paper titled "Two Methods for Trisecting an Angle," which was praised by Zheng Zhifan, a mathematics professor at that time. In 1924, he graduated from the higher section of Tsinghua School. In 1927, he studied at the California Institute of Technology in the United States and obtained his doctorate degree. He was the first Chinese doctoral student to graduate from the California Institute of Technology. After returning to China in 1929, he served as a professor in the Department of Physics at Tsinghua University. From 1936 to 1937, according to the vacation regulations of Tsinghua University, Zhou Peiyuan went to the United States and conducted research in theoretical physics at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. During this period, he participated in the seminar on general relativity led by Albert Einstein himself and conducted research on relativistic gravitation theory and cosmology. In 1937, he returned to China after his vacation. Soon after, the Anti - Japanese War broke out. By late July that year, Beiping and Tianjin fell into enemy hands. In August, the Japanese invading troops entered the Tsinghua campus area. Entrusted by President Mei Yiqi with arranging the southward relocation of the school, Zhou Peiyuan successively served as a professor in the Department of Physics at Changsha Provisional University and the National Southwestern Associated University in Kunming. During this period, with the aspiration that scientists should serve the anti - war cause with science to save the nation from peril, he resolutely turned to research in fluid mechanics. He joined Communist Party of China in 1959. On October 6th, 1972,he published an article over 5000 words long in Guangming Daily, elaborating on the necessity and importance of teaching and researching basic theories. At the same time,he also wrote letter to Premier Zhou Enlai,putting forward three suggestions for strengthening basic theory research. In March ,1978,he began serving as the vice - president (until May,1981) of the Chinese Academy Of Sciences.On June 27th,the Central Committee Of The Communist Party Of China approved that Zhou Peiyuan officially assumed the presidency Of Peking university.On October seventh,a Chinese educational delegation headed by him arrived at San Francisco,a west - coast city in America,mainly visiting Stanford university and the university of California at Berkeley and other universities. In 198o,Zhou Peiyuan found it overwhelming dealing with complex factional relations.He was physically and mentally exhausted,so he chose “to retire while at the height of success”.On November 24th,1993,Zhou died Beijing.In l993,with the approval of relevant Chinese departments,the Zhou Peiyuan Foundation was officially established. Zhou Peiyuan made significant contributions in two important aspects of basic theoretical physics and laid the foundation for the theory of turbulence models. He engaged in higher education for over 60 years and trained several generations of mechanicians and physicists. In education as well as scientific research, he always attached great importance to basic theories and at the same time cared about and supported research on new technologies.He made important contributions in organizing and leading academic activities in China and promoting exchanges and cooperation both at home and abroad . Throughout his life, Mr. Zhou Peiyuan yearned for progress towards the light,pursued truth,took national independence,national rejuvenation,social progress and people's well - being as his own responsibility,and dedicated his whole life to the motherland and the people as well as to the cause of democracy & science. [Scientific Thinking: "The Great Scientific Master: Zhou Peiyuan"]
