Grammar in Context
1. The –ing form and the infinitive
form of the verb
-ing形式与动词不定式的用法区别
1. ing形式与动词不定式都可在句中作主语、表语、宾语。一般说来,表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式;表示一个具体某一次的动作时,多用动词不定式,如:
She likes
playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today.
2. -ing形式作定语用时,其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生,而动词不定式作定语时,其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如:
The girl
writing a letter there can speak English very well.
I have
three letters to write.
3.① 不定式作宾语补足语时,其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后,如:
I have
told them to come again tomorrow.
② 在see,
watch, hear, feel等之后,如果用-ing形式作宾补,表示其动作正在进行中,而用不带to的不定式作宾补时,不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程,如:
I hear
her singing in the room.
I hear
her sing in the room.
4. -ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况,而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时,一般是作目的或结果状语,如:
Not
receiving his letter, I wrote to him again.
I looked into the
window to see what was going on inside.
2. The –ed form and the –ing form of the verb
过去分词与-ing形式的区别:
1. 语态不同:-ing形式表示主动概念,及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念,如:
an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演说;
the inspired audience受鼓舞的听众。
2. 时间关系不同:现在分词所表示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作,而过去分词所表示的动作,往往是已经完成的动作,如:
developing countries 发展中国家;
developed countries 发达国家
Now, do the tasks on Pages 30-32 in your textbook.

