Words and Expressions

I. Vocabulary

1.       bush (adj.) : rustic, countrified, belonging to small towns

2.       beget (v.) : bring into being; produce

3.  holdout (n.) : [Americanism] a place that holds out

4.       ★deficiency (n.): the quality or state of being deficient; absence ofsomething essential; a shortage

5.       pacesetter (n.) : a person that leads the way or serves as amodel

6.       preempt (v.) : [radio and TV] replace (a regularly scheduledprogram)

7.       casino(n.): a public room or building for entertainments, dancing,or now specifically, gambling

8.       nightspot (n.) : nightclub

9.       bilk (v.) : cheat or swindle; defraud

10.   ★dynamism (n.) : the quality of being energetic, vigorous, etc.

11.   put-down (n.) : [American slang] a belittling remark orcrushing retort

12.   ★foothold (n.) : a secure position from which it is difficult to bedislodged

13.   jostle (v.) : bump or push, as in a crowd; elbow or shoveroughly

14.   ★proximity (n.) : the state or quality of being near; nearness in space, time,etc.

15.   ★obscure (v.) : darken;make dim

16.   tint (v.) : give a color or a shading of a color to

17.   gaudy (adj.) : bright and showy, but lacking in goodtaste;cheaply brilliant and ornate

18.   jagged (adj.) : having sharp projecting points

19.   skyline (n.) : an outline, as of a city, seen against the sky

20.   gamely (adv.) : pluckily; courageously

21.   ★encroach (adj.): trespass or intrude (on or upon the rights, property, etc.,ofanother),esp. in a gradual or sneaking way

22.   pristine (adj.) : still pure or untouched; uncorrupted;unspoiled

23.   ★vivacity (n.) : the quality or state of being vivacious; liveliness topint; animation

24.   carnival(n.) : a reveling or time of revelry; festivity; merrymaking

25.   ★glamour (n.) : seemingly misterious and elusive fascination or allure,as ofsome person, object, etc.; bewitching charm; the current sense

26.   ★beckon (v.) : call or summon by a silent gesture

27.   ★breed (n.) : kind; sort; type

28.   ★banal (adj.) : dull or stale as because of overuse; commonplace

29.   ★squalor (n.) : the quality or condition of being squalid; filth andwretchedness

30.   ★inaccessible (adj.) : impossible to reach or enter

31.   plush (adj.) : [American slang] luxurious, as in furnishings

32.   grubby (adj.) : messy; untidy

33.   ★precincts (n.) : environs neighborhood

34.   ★fringe (n.) : an outer edge; border; margin

35.   subculture (n.) : the distinct cultural patterns of a group (withina society) of persons of the same age,social or economic, status, ethnicbackground, etc.

36.   boutique (n.) : a small shop, or a small department in astore, where fashionable, usually expensive, clothes and other articles aresold

37.   ★estrange (n.) : turn (a person) from an affectionate or friendly attitudeto an indifferent, unfriendly, or hostile one; alienate the affections of

38.   ★ratify (v.) : pprove or confirm, esp., give official sanction to

39.   ★deplore (v.) : be regretful or sorry about; lament

40.   catchy (adj.) : easily caught up and remembered

41.   jingle (n.):a verse that jingles; jingling arrangement ofwords or syllables

42.   admen (n.) : [Americanism] a person whose work or business isadvertising

43.   ancillary (adj.) : that serves as an aid;helping; auxiliary

44.   brittle (adj.) : having a sharp, hard quality

45.   ★condescending (adj.) : showing condescension,esp.,patronizing

46.   malleable (adj.) : capable of beingchanged,molded,trained,etc.; adaptable

47.   turnstile (n.) : a similar apparatus,often coin-operated usedat entrances to admit persons one at a time and to count those passing through

48.   ★hype (n.) : cheating,esp. the extravagant promotional advertising

49.   ★scruple (n.): a feeling of hesitancy,doubt,or uneasiness arising fromdifficulty in deciding what is right,proper,ethical．etc．:qualm or misgiving aboutsomething one thinks is wrong

50.   adjoining (adj.) : touching at some point or along aline;contiguous

51.   ★amenity (n.) : an attractive or desirable feature,as of a place,climate,etc.

52.   ★succumb (v.) : give way;yield;submit

53.   tawdry (adj.) : cheap and showy;gaudy;sleezy

54.   astir (adj.) : in motion; in excited activity

55.   strew (v.) : scatter,partly cover

56.   brusque (adj.) : rough and abrupt in manner or speech

57.   cabana (n.) : a small shelter used as a bath house on thebeach, etc,;a cabin

58.   antiseptic (adj.) : untouched by life,itsproblems,emotions,etc.

59.   enclave (n.) :a minority culture group living as an entitywithin a larger group

60.   ★hassle (n.) : [Americanism] a state of commotion or confusion;turmoil

61.   ★congenial (adj.) : suited to one’s needs or disposition;agreeable

62.   ★bracing (adj.) : invigorating; stimulating; refreshing

63.   ★rigor (n.) : harshness or severity

64.   taunt (n.) : a scornful or jeering remark; gibe

65.   mongrel (n.) : [a derogatory term] mixed breed, race, originor character

66.   ★metropolis (n.) : any large city or center of population, culture, etc．

67.   tumultuous (adj.) :wild and noisy;uproarious;riotous

68.   ★hybrid (adj.) : (of animal,plant,etc．)from parents of different species orvarieties

69.   turf (n.) : [slang]a neighbour hood area regarded by a streetgang as its own territory to be defended against other gangs

70.   admixture (n.) : a mixture

71.   jar (n.) : clash,disagree,or quarrel sharply

72.   juxtaposition (n.) : putting side by side or close together

73.   ★fortitude (n.) : the strength to bear misfortune,pain,etc., calmly andpatiently firm courage

74.   forbearance (n.) : the quality of being forbearing; selfcontrol;patient restraint

75.   ★exhilarate (v.) : fill with high spirits

II.Expressions

1. out of phase : out of harmony相异的,不协调的

例: The driver found thatthe windshield wipers were out of phase.

司机发现挡风玻璃上的刮水器动作不协调。

2. measure up : be good enough to do a particular jobor to reach a particular standard合格,符合标准

例: How will the managermeasure up to his new responsibility?

经理怎样才能达到他新职责的标准呢?