Words and Expressions

I. Vocabulary

cosmopolitan   common to or representation of all or many parts of the world, not national or local 世界性的：不限于国家或地区范围的

rally  a gathering of people for a common purpose; mass meeting （群众性）集会

scuffle  a rough, confused fight, close. haphazard struggle 扭打：混战

fanatical  unreasonably enthusiastic; overly zealous狂热的，过分热衷的

snarl  speak harshly and sharply, as in anger, impatience, etc.怒吼，咆

shop steward  a person chosen by his fellow trade unionists in an industrial establishment to speak for them to the management and to watch over their interest （资本主义国家中工人选的）工人代表

accelerate  cause to develop or progress more quickly 加快，促进

alien  opposed or repugnant 相反的：不相容的；格格不入的

cozy  smallish but comfortable and relaxing 舒适的，安逸的

razor-keen  as sharp as a razor:[fg.] very smart and shrewd 犀如刺刀的：[喻]伶闲能干的

impoverish  make poor: reduce to poverty 使贫困，使处于贫困

subsidy  a grant of money from the government or society, etc.补助金：贴

poster  a relatively large printed card or sheet of paper, often illustrated. posted to advertise or publicize something 海报；张贴的大幅广告

advocate  a person who speak or write in support of something 提倡者：拥护者

horde  a large, moving crowd or throng; swarm 群，人群

overdraft  a withdrawal of money from a bank in excess of the amount credited to the drawer 透支

caper  a wild, foolish action or prank 妙戏，玩笑，把戏

advertisement  ad 广告

bicker  have apetty quarrel: squabble (为璞事）争吵

recoil  drawback, stagger back; retreat 撤退，后退，退回

anomalous  deviating from the regular arrangement. general rule, or usual method; abnormal 反常的，异常的：破格的，破例的

syndicalism  theory and movement of trade unionism in which all means of production and distribution would be brought under the control of federations of labor unions by the use of direct action, such as general strikes  工团主义;工联主义

hippopotamus  one of several large, plant-eating mammals, with a heavy, thick-skinned, almost hairless body and short legs, which lives chiefly in or near rivers in Africa 河马

fraud  deceit:trickery: cheating: a person who deceives欺骗，欺诈；骗子

crusty  rudely abrupt or surly in speech and manner bad-tempered （言行）粗暴的：脾气坏的

articulate  expressing oneself easily and clearly表达力强的

counterculture  the culture of many young people of the 1960s and 1970s manifested by a life style that is opposed to the prevailing culture 反主流文化

swagger  boast,brag, or show off in a loud. superior manner 自夺，吹牛

integrity  uprightness,honesty, and sincerity 正直，诚实，真诚

sloppy  careless; slovenly or messy相心的：不整洁的

inept  incompetent;unfit; out of place不称职的：不相宜的；不恰当的

shiftless  incapable,inefficient, lazy无能的；无效的；懒怡的

slovenly  careless in appearance, habits, work etc.不整洁的：疏忽的：马虎的

messy  untidy,disorderly. dirty. etc. 凌乱的；混乱的；脏的

skimp  do poorly or carelessly马虎从事：草率从事

scrounge  rake without permission; pilfer: beg 控取：偷窃：乞讨  

booze  drink too much alcoholic liquor 狂欢，痛饮

vandalism  the action or attitude of the Vandals or of a vandal; malicious or ignorant destruction of public or private property, esp. of that which is beautiful orartistic 汪达尔人的行为或作风：破坏文化艺术品的行为

pilfer  steal(esp. small sums or petty objects); filch 偷窃：尤指小偷小摸

damnation  a damning or being damned 识咒：话责

apathy  lack of emotion; indifference 无情，感情淡漠；冷漠，漠不关心

squabble  quarrel noisily over a small matter wrangle （为琐事）争吵，口角

repertory  a theater in which a permanent acting company prepares several productions for aseason and keeps alternating them in limited runs  由固定剧团定期换演剧目的剧场；拥有大量常备剧目的戏院

farce  an exaggerated comedy based on broadly humorous, highly unlikely situations 笑刷，歸剧，滑稽剧

demagogue  a person who tries to stir up the people by appeals to emoton.prejudice.etc..inorder to win them over quickly and so gain power 煽动者，鼓动者

frivolous  not properly serious or sensible; silly and light-minded; giddy经薄的：经浮的；肤浅的

myopic  short-sighted近视的：缺乏远见的

sulks  a sulky mood or state 慌怒的样子（或状态）

bowler  a man's round hard hat usually black 圆顶硬呢相 (常为黑色）

II.Expressions

draw on  take or use as a source利用，凭，靠

slop around loaf around 闲逛，闲荡 

safe to say 英)If it is safe to say something，it may be said with-out exaggeration or falsehood．可以肯定地说，可以保险地说

out of scale  out of proportion不成比例，不相称

keep clear of sth.   avoid or refrain from stll．避开，离着

shrug off   (英)dismiss something as not deserving one’s attention耸肩对……表示不理，不屑一顾，一笑置之

sweat one’s guts out   work very hard拼命干

pay packet   an envelope containing your wages：the amount of money someone earns(附工资及工资单的)工资袋，工资，薪水

fall between two stools   be neither one type of thing nor another, orbe unable to choose between two ways of doing sth.两头落空，两边不讨好，由于犹豫而误事

chop logic   arguein a  hairsplitting way吹毛求疵，强词夺理