Describe the basiccharacteristics and functions of good beginnings and endings.
Plan effective introductions and conclusions.
Please preview the words before watching the video.
1. arrest [ə'rest]引起…的注意，吸引if something arrests you orarrests your attention, you notice it because it is interesting or unusual
2. stirring word激动人心的话语
3. wrap up v. 总结
4. call to action 行动呼吁；行动号召
5. make an appeal 呼吁，恳求
6. propel an action 驱使行动
7. status quo /‚steɪtəs 'kwəʊ, / n. 现状
8. mundane ['mʌndeɪn; mʌn'deɪn]adj. 世俗的，平凡的；世界的，宇宙的
9. reinforce[riːɪn'fɔːs]vt. 加强，加固；强化；补充
10. opener 开场白
11. a fraction of一小部分；一部分；零点几
12. render使得，致使
13. circular close 首尾呼应的结尾
14. echon. 回音；呼应
15. repetitive close 重复性结尾
16. climax ['klaɪmæks]高潮
17. overwhelming adj. [,ovɚ'wɛlmɪŋ]压倒性的；势不可挡的
18. subtopic n. 副主题；小标题
bangvt.重击；发巨响
Please watch the video.
Homework
Please write an ending of the speech for the subtopic you choose.
Topic of 2019 FLTRP Cup English Speaking Competition: My big story in 2049.
Study the speech and immitate the speaker.
Questions to be discussed in class:
What techniques did she use in the beginning to arouse interest?
Why are people not listening according to the speaker?
Why did he mention all kinds of people he talked to in paragraph 4?
Which advice is the most effective for you?
Which one is the most important? Why?
请在完成本章节的学习后，完成以下测试。
注意在学习过程中摘记学习内容，以便答题时能够更加准确、快速、高效。
Notes:
1. Functions of the Ending
（1）Signal the end of the speech
（2）Reinforce the central idea
（3）Motivate and appeal to the audience.
2. How to end a speech?
（1）Summarize main points
Theme: Unityand Diversity
Title: The Importance of Being Different
To sum up, I would say that to be different fromyourself is more important than to be different from others. As long as weconcentrate on improving ourselves and transcend ourselves, we would not be thesame and cannot be the same as others. Excellence will make you stand outsaliently! （“CCTV”杯英语演讲比赛冠军陈东，2006）
（2）Cite a quotation
Before I end, let me sharewith you one story. Seven hundred years ago, amazed by his incredibledescription of a far away land of great beauty, people asked Marco Polowhether his stories about China were true. He answered: What I have told you was noteven half of what I saw. Actually, what we haveshown you here today is only a fraction of Beijing that awaits you.（杨澜，申奥演讲，2001）
（3）Referring to the introduction
Introduction:
If there is anyone out there whostill doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who stillwonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questionsthe power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.
Conclusion:
Andwhere we are met with cynicism and doubts and those who tell us that we cannot, we will respond with that timeless creed that sums up the spirit of apeople: Yes, we can.
（4）Issue an appeal
Now let us fightto fulfill that promise! Letus fight to free the world, to do away with nationalbarriers, to do away with greed, with hate and intolerance. Let us fightfor a world of reason, a world where science and progress will lead to allmen`s happiness. Soldiers, in the name of democracy, let us unite!(Charlie Chaplin, Fight ForLiberty, 1940)
