Speech Drill
Please get ready to make a self-introduction speech in class.
所谓礼仪致辞是指在节日、庆典、宴会等公共场合，演讲者发表祝贺、答谢、欢迎讲话的口头致辞的方式。随着人类之间的交流和公众活动的愈加频繁，礼仪致辞也越来越常见。它成为了人们在公共场合表达情感、增进情谊的重要途径。日常生活中的婚礼、生日、晚宴致辞；商务活动中的欢迎、欢送辞、祝酒词；大型活动（如奥运会、世界杯及各种大型国际会议）中的开幕、闭幕辞、贺辞等都属于礼仪致辞的范畴。
礼仪致辞的演讲既非信息性演讲，也非说服性演讲。它并不一定需要演讲者发表独特的观点，也不需要演讲者使用数据、事实来支撑观点，更不允许演讲者过于轻松诙谐，发挥无厘头等个人风格，但并不意味着这是一件简单的任务。总的来说，礼仪致辞要求演讲者要“有礼有节、恰到好处”地完成致辞。
在准备礼仪致辞演讲的过程中，演讲者需要注意以下几点：
1. 注意礼节Pay attention to etiquette
礼节是礼仪祝词的精髓和主要目的。不论大小场合的礼仪祝词演讲都需要注意使用适当的礼貌用语，切不可使用粗俗、粗暴、有攻击性的语言。譬如称呼语的使用，最常用的礼貌称呼是ladies and gentlemen，如是同事或朋友可以用dear friends或dear colleagues。如有贵宾出席则一定要着重介绍，如使用distinguished guests，或者按照贵宾的身份级别，从高到低排序。
此外，在遇到某些敏感话题或敏感词汇时，要注意使用委婉语。如在国际艾滋病大会上，致辞者应避免使用AIDS patient这样的词汇，以避免在场HIV病毒携带者感觉自己是病人。可以用一些中性词语却而代之，如people living with HIV，HIV-positive。
2. 情感真挚Be sincere
礼仪祝词具备社交功能，应该适当地直抒胸臆，表示良好的祝愿。致辞者应该毫不吝啬地将诚挚的情感在演讲中直接而得体地表露出来。致辞中常表露的感情有：愉快（pleasure, great,happy, delighted, pleased，glad），荣幸（honor，privilege），骄傲（proud, pride）, 激动（excited, thrilled, emotional）等；可辅以常用的搭配如：衷心地感谢（profound gratitude, heartfeltthanks，sincere thanks，extremely/so grateful）、热烈的欢迎（warm welcome，warmest welcome）、衷心地祝福（best wishes）。
演讲者在演讲过程中也需要调整好状态，用响亮的声音辅以充沛的感情，热情洋溢地将这些祝愿表达出来，态度一定要诚恳，切忌让人听上去虚情假意。
3. 使用套语 Use formulaic speech
要使礼仪性演讲文雅庄重、规范得体，演讲者需要熟练掌握一些固定的句型和表达，我们可以称之为“套语”。套语在礼仪祝词中的使用是完全有必要的。恰当地使用套语可以让演讲者显得更专业，场合更隆重。以下是我们常用的套语结构，可供参考：
I wish to… Let me begin by… Please allow me to begin by… I would like to begin by… I would like to… |
on behalf of sb. |
extend/extending my welcome to sb. express/expressing my thanks to sb. for sth. offer/offering my congratulations to sb. on sth. |
Address and Greetings
Ladies and Gentlemen
Dear friends
Distinguished guests
Honored guests
Dear colleagues
Dear athletes
Dear faculty and staff members, students and friends
Mr. President
It is agreat pleasure to join you all this morning.
It is agreat pleasure to see so many friends in the audience.
Express Pleasure and Honor
It gives megreat pleasure to attend tonight’s dinner.
It is mygreat pleasure to join you at this reception.
It is a great pleasureto see so many friends in the audience.
It is indeed an honor to have been invited tospeak before the group assembled this evening.
It is a great honor for me to be here inShanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you.
I’m glad to visit theUnited States in the lovely season of spring, at your invitation, Mr.President.
It is a privilege toopen this inaugural meeting of the Strategic and Economic Dialogue between theUnited States and China.
Express Thanks
Thank youfor inviting me to speak here.
Thank youfor letting me share this wonderful day with you.
Thank youall for joining us this morning.
Thanks to all of youfor taking the time to be here this evening.
Thank you, PresidentWang, for that most flattering introduction.
I am grateful for yourhospitality, and honored by this reception at one of China’s greatuniversities.
I wish to express mygratitude to David Wang for his immense practical help.
Welcome
I offer eachof you my warmest welcome!
Good evening and a big welcome to this specialand festive gathering.
Let me begin by warmlywelcoming all of you to the Chinese Embassy.
I would like to extendmy warm welcome to Mr. Lu Hao and members of the Chinese youth delegation.
Let me extend our cordial greetings andheartfelt gratitude to all guests and friends present.
Welcome to thisreception in commemoration of the 60th anniversary of founding of the People’sRepublic of China.
On behalf of the Chinese Government and people,I wish to extend a warm welcome to all the distinguished guests who have cometo Beijing for the Games.
Wishes and Blessings
All the best with yourfamily.
A toast to your healthand success.
I wish the exhibitioncomplete/great success.
At last, I wish greatsuccess to this forum and this art exhibition.
Let me begin by commending you all for thesuccessful Olympic Games.
Let me take this opportunity to wish you all thevery best in the year to come.
This year marks the 800th anniversary of theuniversity. Please accept my warm congratulations.
May you continue inyour efforts and achieve new and greater successes.
It is a great pleasurefor me to congratulate the Peoples Republic of China on its 60-yearanniversary.
Acceptance speech /Award-acceptanceSpeech
获奖感言是一种特殊的礼仪致辞，是指演讲者获得表彰或得奖后，表达感想的一种演说。这是获奖者表达感激、谦逊和优雅魅力的好机会（This speech gives therecipient an opportunity to show appreciation for the award as well as humilityand grace）（O’Hair & Stewart, 2007）。不论演讲者是在获奖一段时间后演讲（如诺贝尔奖）；还是现场揭晓后马上演讲（如奥斯卡），都需要提前准备好讲稿或提纲，以及需要感谢的人名，以防在重要时刻过于激动，不知所云。2001年朱莉亚·罗伯茨获得最佳女配角领奖时在台上傻笑了三分钟；2002年奥斯卡影后哈里·贝瑞在获奖感言中一口气说了31个感谢。虽然她们的个人魅力无法阻挡，但发表获奖感言时的表现未免有些尴尬。
诺贝尔奖是世界上最具影响力的大奖。他由瑞典著名的化学家诺贝尔创立，分设物理、化学、生理/医学、文学、和平五个奖项。获奖者是世界上在这些领域对人类做出重大贡献的人，包括科学家、政治家、文学家等。在获得诺贝尔奖后，得奖者会通过媒体、或在诺贝尔奖晚宴等场合发表获奖感言。有人研究过诺贝尔获奖感言的语体，发现在体裁结构上，诺贝尔奖获奖感言大都遵循“4-语步”模式：即问候、引入话题、发展话题、结束演讲，其中发展话题是演讲的主体部分（孟磊，2012）。此外，由于诺奖获得者大都属于各领域顶级人物，因此在感言中有大量专业、抽象、甚至高深的术语和专业知识，对于一般读者来说有一定的阅读难度。
除了诺贝尔奖外，世界影视文化届的盛世“奥斯卡金像奖”的颁奖典礼也吸引着全世界的目光。奥斯卡除了奖项的魅力外，颁奖典礼上获奖者的感言也成为了大众热议的焦点。美国媒体曾大篇幅撰文指导获奖者“如何写一篇与众不同的奥斯卡感言（How to Write an Oscar Speech）”。福布斯针对奥斯卡的获奖感言做过一个统计，从数据上概括明星们获奖感言的内容，发现几乎所有的人都先感谢导演、剧组成员、感谢丈夫/妻子。令人欣慰的是，跟踪语言发展趋势的全球语言监测机构2006年公开了一份研究报告表明：奥斯卡获奖演员的获奖感言总体上正在走向成熟。
基于以上两项大奖获奖演说的阅读和分析，我们建议演讲者发表获奖演说时应注意以下几点：
1. 简短而真情Be brief and truthful.
有人批评奥斯卡颁奖典礼越办越长（从1929年的15分钟到如今的四个多小时）的原因就是得奖者们没完没了的感言，而大多数获奖者的发言并无新意，无非就是感谢。奥斯卡记录上最长的感谢名单要算是《泰坦尼克号》的制片人乔·兰道，他一口气读了45个感谢名单。为了改变这一现状，组办方曾将获奖感言的时间限制到1分钟，2010年又缩减到45秒以内，建议明星发言要“简练、有自己的特色，而且发自内心。”
获奖感言不宜过长，将想要感谢的人名都读一遍印象并不深刻，反而会让人感觉没有诚意。演讲者需要使用一定的技巧让感言听上去简洁又真切。
首先感谢一下主办方既大方也得体：“I’d like to thank the Academy for allowing me to be here today.”。然后，选择几个需要重点感谢的人，概括性地感谢其他人，以免厚此薄彼。奥黛丽·赫本（Audrey Hepburn），凭借《罗马假日》赢得最佳女主角。她的感言抑扬顿挫，简洁而富有深情，堪称经典：
“It’s too much. I wanna say thankyou to EVERYbody these past months and years who have helped, guided andgiven me so much. I’m truly truly grateful and terribly happy.” (Audrey Hepburn,1954)
此外，在感谢别人时，最好不要简单地一笔带过，而是用一种特别的方式使感谢深入人心。如诺贝尔经济学奖获得者约翰·纳什（John Forbes Nash）是这样感谢他的妻子，这或许是最深情、最特别的一种表白：
“And I have made the mostimportant discovery of my career, the most important discovery of my life: Itis only in the mysterious equations of love that any logic or reasons can befound. I’m only here tonight because of you（his wife, Alicia）. You are the reason Iam. You are all my reasons. Thank you.” (John Forbes Nash, 1994)
2006年凭借《卡波特》获得最佳男主角奖的菲利普·西摩尔·霍夫曼（Philip Seymour Hoffman）上台领奖时发表的获奖感言中，他对母亲的描述和故事感动了所有人。
“She brought up four kids aloneand she deserves a congratulations for that. Ah, we’re at the party, Ma, youknow? And she took me to my first play and she stayed up with me and watchedthe NCAA Final Four, and my passions, her passions became my passions. And, youknow, be proud, Mom, because I’m proud of you and we’re here tonight and it’sso good.” (Philip Seymour Hoffman,2006)
2. 态度谦逊 Be modest, state how honored you are.
获得奖项是对个人成就的一种肯定，但没有团队的共同努力、家庭的支持和帮助，个人成绩无从谈起。此外，一人获奖意味着他人落败。如果获奖人不懂得感恩，狂妄自大，相信所有人都会为此感到遗憾。《泰坦尼克》的导演詹姆斯·卡梅隆曾在发表感言时大呼：“I’m king of the world”。虽然这是电影中的经典台词，但这或许会让部分听众感到不快。适当表达荣幸、谦逊的态度会赢得更多听众的掌声。以下句子可供参考：
I never thought I wouldwin such an honor.
Oh man. Oh man. I’d belying if I didn’t say I was preparing for this after the nomination...but it’sstill a huge shock. Let me catch my breath for a second.
I am so pleased to winActress of the Year. Receiving this award is such an amazing honor.
2009年奥巴马获得诺贝尔和平奖，全世界很多人感到惊讶，但他谦逊大度的演讲词获得了听众的一片掌声：
“I am both surprised anddeeply humbled by the decision of the Nobel Committee. Let me be clear, Ido not view it as a recognition of my own accomplishments, but rather as anaffirmation of American leadership on behalf of aspirations held by people inall nations.”(Barack Obama, 2009)
诺贝尔奖文学奖约翰·斯坦贝克（JohnSteinbeck）的感谢词更为高明，以无可挑剔的文辞赞美了组办方的“慧眼”，对手的“才气”，也表达了自己的喜悦和骄傲。
“I thank the SwedishAcademy for finding my work worthy of this highest honor. In my heart there maybe doubt that I deserve the Nobel award over other men of letters whom I holdin respect and reverence — but there is noquestion of my pleasure and pride in having it for myself. ” (JohnSteinbeck, 1962)
3. 来点“意外”，来点“升华”Surprise people, say something inspirational.
曾任奥斯卡颁奖晚会制作人的凯茨曾对提名者说：“如果你到时候拿出讲稿，那你就什么也不要再说了。”奥斯卡鼓励获奖者“脱稿而出”，而非“照本宣科”，更不能拿着长长的名单照读。获奖感言如果能有一些意料之外的惊喜，有一点让人回味无穷的智慧，那一定会博得最热烈的掌声。
夺得奥斯卡奖的老牌影星杰克·帕兰斯（Jack Palance）大爷突然在台上做起了单手俯卧撑，证明自己年老未衰，博得满堂喝彩。2013年获得奥斯卡最佳导演的阿方索·卡隆富（Alfonso Cuarón）与观众分享与电影有关的哲学感悟，颇让人深思：“Like any other human endeavor,making a film can be a transformative experience. It’s good because it took solong — but not a waste of time! ”
一些获奖者在感言中表示将奖项献给某些特殊群体，赋予奖项更大的意义。2013年最佳影片《为奴十二年》领奖者史蒂夫·麦奎因（Steve Mcqueen）将奖项献给那些忍受奴役的人们：
“I dedicate this award to all thepeople who have endured slavery and the 21 million people who still sufferslavery today.”
最佳女配角露皮塔·尼永奥（ Lupita Nyong’o）激动地鼓励那些怀抱梦想的人们：
“When I look down at this goldenstatue, may it remind me and every little child that no matter where you’refrom, your dreams are valid.”
史蒂芬·斯皮尔伯格（Steven Spielberg）凭借《拯救大兵》获奖时，真诚地感谢二战中失去亲人的家庭：
“What I would like todo is just thank very, very sincerely to, the families who lost sons in World WarII, I want to thank the Nylon family andthe Soloven families and I want to thank all the families who incurred thesetremendous loses. In this war, we try to show a story of one such family and itturned up that there were many such families unfortunately. ”
Study the followingexpressions about acceptance speeches/ award acceptance speeches. Use them in your presentations.
| Feelings | About the award | Reasons for thanks |
| astonished can’t believe delighted excited grateful happy joyous pleased surprised thrilled | amazing awesome brilliant extraordinary fabulous fantastic great marvelous terrific wonderful | good cooperation hard work help kindness support understanding |
Feelings
It’s quiteoverwhelming.
I’m very humbled to behere tonight.
I never thought I’d behere in my whole life.
I am greatly honoredto receive this award.
I am so excited to winthis award.
I’m very grateful toreceive this award
Thank you so much! Oh,my God! I just can’t believe it!
Is it real or just adream?
Please forgive me, Iam, I am just so shocked and so thankful.
I never expected thisaward tonight.
I can’t begin to tellyou how much I appreciate this great honor.
I will remember thisnight for the rest of my life!
Words can’t expresshow honored I feel at this moment.
I am both surprisedand deeply humbled by the decision of the Nobel Committee.
Expressing thanks
Thank you to themembers of the Academy for this honor.
I really need to sharethis with all 3,000 and everybody who worked with me on Life of Pi.
I really want to thankyou for believing in this story and sharing this incredible journey with me.
I want to thank theAcademy for this incredible honor.
I’d like to thank someof the people along the way who had faith in me.
A very special “thankyou” to Jim Mangold, who directed the film
I need to thank YannMartel for writing this incredible, inspiring book
I want to thank myMom. she’s sitting right over there. She’s amazing, she’s beautiful.
Thank you to myfamily, my love. Your support and your guidance make everything that I dopossible.
I want to express myappreciation to all of my friends for their support.
I want to thank myparents for bringing me into this world.
I want to thank myhusband, for his understanding and kindness.
I just want to saythank you so much for everything, for being so proud of me.
I want to say thankyou to my wonderful husband and my two children — who should be going to bed.
以上摘自： 章莉. 《英语演讲实训教程》， 清华大学出版社，2015.11.
