研究:气候变化导致阿拉斯加河流变为橙色
Alaskan rivers turning orange due to climate change, study finds
中国日报网 2024-05-24 10:23
几年前,人们惊讶地发现,美国阿拉斯加数十条河流里的水变成了“橙汁”。研究指出,事实上,这是被铁锈污染的河流,而铁锈则来自因全球变暖而融化的冻土。
Dozens of rivers and streams in Alaska are turning rusty orange, a likely consequence of thawing permafrost, a new study finds.
阿拉斯加的数十条河流和小溪正在变成锈橙色,一项新研究发现,这可能是多年冻土解冻的后果。
The Arctic is the fastest-warming region in the globe, and as the frozen ground below the surface melts, minerals once locked away in that soil are now seeping into waterways.
北极是地球上变暖最快的地区,随着地表下冻土层的融化,曾经被锁在土壤中的矿物质现在开始渗入水道。
"It’s an unforeseen impact of climate change that we’re seeing in some of the most pristine rivers in our country,” said Brett Poulin, study author and assistant professor of environmental toxicology at University of California Davis.
研究作者、加州大学戴维斯分校环境毒理学助理教授布雷特·普林说:“这是美国最原始的一些河流中看到的气候变化的不可预见影响。”
The permafrost thaw is exposing minerals to oxygen in a process known as weathering, which increases the acidity of the water and dissolves metals like zinc, copper, cadmium and iron – the most apparent metal that gives the rivers a rusty color visible even from satellite images. The study highlights the potential degradation of drinking water and risk to fisheries in the Arctic.
冻土的融化使矿物质暴露在氧气中,这个过程被称为风化,它增加了水的酸度并溶解了像锌、铜、镉和铁这样的金属——显然铁是赋予了河流即使从卫星图像中也可见的锈色的主要金属。这项研究指出了饮用水可能被污染的现状和北极渔业面临的风险。
"When mixed with another river, it can actually make the metals even more potent [in its] impact to aquatic health,” Poulin said.
普林说:“当这些河流与另一条河流汇合时,实际上会让金属对水生生物的健康产生更大的危害。”
The phenomenon was first observed in 2018, when researchers noticed the milky orange appearance of the rivers across northern Alaska’s Brooks Range, a stark contrast to the crystal clear waters seen the year prior.
这一现象最初是在2018年观察到的,当时研究人员注意到流经阿拉斯加北部布鲁克斯山脉的河流的乳橙色外观,与前一年看到的清澈水质形成了鲜明对比。
Within the year, a tributary of the Akillik river in Kobuk Valley national park saw the complete loss of two local fish species: the dolly varden and the slimy sculpin.
同年,科伯克谷国家公园内阿基利克河一条支流中的两种当地鱼类——花羔红点斑鲑和粘杜父鱼完全绝迹。
"Our data suggests that when the river turned orange, we saw a significant decrease in macroinvertebrates and biofilm on the bottom of the stream, which is essentially the base of the food web,” Poulin said of the rusting phenomenon. “It could be changing where fish are going to be able to live.”
普林在谈到锈色现象时说:“我们的数据表明,当河流变为橙色时,我们发现大型无脊椎动物和溪流底部的生物膜显著减少,而生物膜本质上是食物链的基础。这可能会让鱼类能够生存的地方发生变化。”
The rusting is a seasonal phenomenon, occurring in the summer typically during July and August, when the soil is thawed the deepest. The researchers at the National Park Service, US Geological Survey and University of California Davis now want to better understand the long-term implications of the changing water chemistry in places with continuous permafrost, which includes Arctic regions such as Alaska, Canada, Russia and parts of Scandinavia.
河流变成锈色是一种季节性现象,通常在夏季的七月和八月发生,这个时间段融化的冻土层最深。美国国家公园管理局、美国地质调查局和加州大学戴维斯分校的研究人员现在希望能更好地理解多年冻土地区水中化学物质变化的长期影响,包括美国阿拉斯加州、加拿大和俄罗斯境内的北极地区,以及斯堪的纳维亚部分地区。
https://language.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202408/30/WS66d17f32a3108f29c1fc94ed.html
【双语财讯】上海优化中小套型住房建筑面积标准
Shanghai broadens home supply standards
中国日报网 2024-08-30 16:13
上海市日前发布通知称,优化新出让商品住房用地中小套型住房建筑面积标准。上海多层、小高层、高层建筑的商品住房中小套型住房建筑面积标准分别从原来的90平方米、95平方米和100平方米调整为100平方米、110平方米和120平方米。
A construction crew works at a housing project in Shanghai in June. WANG GANG/FOR CHINA DAILY
The Shanghai government revised the definition of small and medium-sized apartment categories on Tuesday, with the standard gross floor area of flats in both categories now being expanded by 20 square meters at most.
上海市政府8月27日调整了中小套型住房建筑面积标准,相较之前最高上调20平方米。
"The new criteria will give real estate developers more free play to optimize home designs in accordance with market needs, and it also echoes the new trend that homebuyers want more spacious and comfortable rooms," said Yan Yuejin, vice-president of the Shanghai E-House China Real Estate Research Institute.
上海易居房地产研究院副院长严跃进表示,新标准将为开发商根据市场需求优化新房建造设计提供更多自由发挥的空间,同时也顺应了购房者希望住得更宽敞舒适的新趋势。
Under the new standards, flats in high-rise residential apartment buildings above 10 floors can have up to 120 sq m in gross floor area in comparison to 100 sq m before.
根据新标准,高层建筑(10层以上)的商品住房中小套型住房建筑面积标准将从原来的100平方米上调到120平方米。
The adjustment is based on Shanghai residents' average living space, family structure, market demand, and housing design and construction. It looks to adapt to the latest market supply and demand conditions, people's expectations for prime quality housing, as well as better fit people's diversified home living requirements, said the notice.
《关于优化本市新出让商品住房用地套型供应结构的通知》根据上海市人均住房建筑面积、家庭人口结构、住房套型的市场需求以及住房建筑设计和施工等情况,立足供求关系变化和改善型住房需求导向来做出调整。
"Larger-sized residential apartments will be built in Shanghai, and people will have more choices when they look to change living conditions," said Chen Julan, a senior analyst at the China Index Academy in Shanghai.
中指研究院上海高级分析师陈炬兰认为,未来更多的大面积产品将涌入上海新房市场,满足居民改善性居住需求。
Guan Rongxue, a senior analyst at the Zhuge Real Estate Data Research Center, said the changes in housing standards in Shanghai are in line with the city's market demand.
诸葛数据研究中心高级分析师关荣雪表示,上海住房标准的变化符合上海的市场需求。
"Since the beginning of the year, Shanghai's new home sales have been led by diversified needs for improved living, and transactions of large-size apartments carrying hefty price tags perform well," Guan said, adding that the supply restructuring will allow more large-sized apartments to be available in Shanghai in the future.
关荣雪表示,今年以来,上海新房销售以改善型居住的多元化需求为主导,价格不菲的大户型住宅成交火爆。她指出,供应结构的调整意味着上海未来将有更多的大户型产品进入市场。
"It is worth noting that while more high quality and larger residential apartments will be available in the market, a balanced supply of various sized homes should be ensured for meeting diversified living requirements," said Li Yujia, chief researcher at the Guangdong Planning Institute's residential policy research center.
广东省城乡规划院住房政策研究中心首席研究员李宇嘉指出,值得注意的是,虽然市场上将会出现更多高品质、大面积的住宅产品,但应确保各种面积住宅的均衡供应,以满足多样化的居住需求。
【双语财讯】上海优化中小套型住房建筑面积标准 - Chinadaily.com.cn
https://language.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202408/30/WS66d17f32a3108f29c1fc94ed.html
【双语财讯】我国连续11年成为全球最大工业机器人市场
China remains world's largest industrial robot market
中国日报网 2024-08-23 17:32
在2024世界机器人大会上,工业和信息化部副部长辛国斌表示,十年来,我国机器人产业“从小到大”,已经成为全球机器人科技创新、应用拓展和行业治理的重要力量。相关有效专利超19万项,占全球比重约2/3;连续11年成为全球最大工业机器人市场,近3年新增装机量占全球一半以上。
8月21日在2024世界机器人大会现场拍摄的仿生人形机器人。(图片来源:新华社)
China has remained the world's largest market for industrial robots for an 11th consecutive year, Xin Guobin, vice minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) said at the ongoing 2024 World Robot Conference in Beijing.
2024世界机器人大会当前正在北京举行,工业和信息化部副部长辛国斌在大会上表示,我国连续11年成为全球最大工业机器人市场。
Data shows that in 2023, China's industrial robot production had reached 430,000 sets, while the country's newly added robot installations accounted for more than half of the global market over the past three years, said Xin Guobin.
据辛国斌介绍,数据显示,2023年我国工业机器人产量为43万套,近3年新增装机量占全球一半以上。
After a decade of rapid development, China has become a strong promoter of the growth of the global robot industry, Xin added.
辛国斌称,经过十年的快速发展,中国已成为全球机器人产业增长的有力推动者。
Xin said that over the years, China's robot industry has made great progress in innovation and development, and new breakthroughs have been achieved in the research and development of bionic perception, cognition, planning and control technologies.
辛国斌表示,多年来,我国机器人产业在创新发展方面取得了长足进步,在仿生感知、认知、规划和控制技术研发方面实现了新的突破。
8月21日,一款人形机器人在2024世界机器人大会展示炒菜。(图片来源:新华社)
As of July 2024, China boasted more than 190,000 effective robot-related patents, accounting for about two-thirds of the global total.
截至2024年7月,中国拥有机器人相关有效专利超19万项,占全球比重约2/3。
According to Xin, China is deepening implementation of the "Robot plus Application" initiative, promoting the integration of robots across various industries. During the past 10 years, the number of robots per 10,000 workers in China's manufacturing sector has surged from 49 to 470.
辛国斌说,我国正在深入实施“机器人+”应用行动,促进机器人在各行各业的融合。过去十年间,制造业机器人密度从每万名工人49台激增至470台。
The five-day conference began on Wednesday, with 169 enterprises from around the world participating, including major global players like Tesla and Siasun. Participating companies are showcasing more than 600 units of robots, with over 60 of them making their world debuts at this conference.
本届世界机器人大会于8月21日开幕,为期5天,共有169家国内外机器人企业参展,其中包括特斯拉和新松等全球主要企业。参展企业展示了600余件机器人产品,其中首发新品60余款。
【双语财讯】我国连续11年成为全球最大工业机器人市场 - Chinadaily.com.cn
https://language.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202408/23/WS66c8571da31060630b924aff.html