【大国工匠：程开甲：一生为国铸盾】| Devoting His Entire Life to Forging a Shield for the Country
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程开甲
核武器事业的开拓者
程开甲，男，汉族，中共党员、九三学社社员，1918年8月出生，2018年11月去世，江苏苏州人，原国防科工委科技委常任委员，原总装备部科技委顾问，中国科学院院士。他隐姓埋名40年，一生为国铸核盾，先后参与和主持首次原子弹、氢弹试验，以及“两弹”结合飞行试验等在内的多次核试验，为建立中国特色核试验科学技术体系作出杰出贡献。他是“两弹一星”元勋，为锻造改革开放安全屏障、推进科技强国事业作出重大贡献，是以身许党许国的时代楷模。荣获“八一勋章”、“两弹一星”功勋奖章和国家最高科学技术奖。
内耗理论
程开甲率先开展系统的热力学内耗理论研究，首次建立了热力学的系统内耗理论，为处理更为复杂的内耗过程提供有力的理论分析工具，并开展能带论的Brillioun区证明、结合能计算和FFI模型理论研究等工作。
双带理论
程开甲先后在自由粒子狄拉克方程严格证明、五维场论等方面做出了出色的工作，1948年与其导师、著名物理学家M.Born共同提出了超导电性的双带理论，在Nature等杂志上发表多篇相关论文。
1986年以来，程来甲进一步发展和完善了超导电性的双带理论，证明了BCS的电子成对理论错误，出版了两部超导专著；提出了凝聚态的新的电子理论，被称为TFDC(Thomas Fermi Dirac Cheng，即：托马斯-费米-狄拉克-程开甲)理论并得到实验验证，为材料性能研究和新材料设计提供了新的理论依据。
核试验
20世纪60年代，程开甲建立发展了中国核爆炸理论，系统阐明了大气层核爆炸和地下核爆炸过程的物理现象及其产生、发展规律，并在历次核试验中不断验证完善，成为中国核试验总体设计、安全论证、测试诊断和效应研究的重要依据。以该理论为指导，创立了核爆炸效应研究领域，建立完善不同方式核试验的技术路线、安全规范和技术措施；领导并推进了中国核试验技术体系的建立和科学发展，指导建立核试验测试诊断的基本框架，研究解决核试验的关键技术难题，满足了不断提高的核试验需求，支持了中国核武器设计改进和作战运用。
抗辐射加固
20世纪80年代，程开甲开创了中国抗辐射加固技术研究领域。在他领导下，系统开展了核爆辐射环境、电子元器件与系统的抗辐射加固原理、方法和技术研究，利用核试验提供的辐射场进行辐射效应和加固方法的研究；指导建设先进的实验模拟条件，推动中国自行设计、建造核辐射模拟设施，开展基础理论和实验研究，促进了中国抗辐射加固技术的持续发展，为提升中国战略武器的生存与突防能力提供了技术支撑。
超硬材料
程开甲组织了吉林大学超硬材料国家重点实验室等单位在国家自然科学基金委员会支持下将该理论应用于金刚石触媒、纳米管生成、薄膜大电容等方面的研究，对发展人造金刚石的铁基催化剂做出了重要贡献。
【大国工匠：程开甲：一生为国铸盾】
Cheng Kaijia, male, of Han ethnicity, a member of the Communist Party of China and a member of the Jiu San Society, was born in August 1918 and passed away in November 2018. He was from Suzhou, Jiangsu. He was a permanent member of the Science and Technology Commission of the former National Defense Science, Technology and Industry Commission and an advisor to the Science and Technology Commission of the former General Armaments Department, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He lived incognito for 40 years and dedicated his life to building China's nuclear shield. He participated in and presided over the first atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb tests, as well as many nuclear tests including the flight test of the combination of the "two bombs", making outstanding contributions to the establishment of China's nuclear test science and technology system with Chinese characteristics. He was one of the meritorious scientists in developing China's atomic and hydrogen bombs and man - made satellites. He made significant contributions to forging a security barrier for China's reform and opening - up and promoting the cause of building China into a science and technology power. He was a role model of the era who dedicated himself to the Party and the country. He was awarded the "August 1 Medal", the "Meritorious Medal for Making Great Contributions to the Development of China's Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs and Man - made Satellites", and the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award. Internal friction theory Cheng Kaijia was the first to conduct systematic research on the thermodynamic internal friction theory. He established the systematic thermodynamic internal friction theory for the first time, providing a powerful theoretical analysis tool for dealing with more complex internal friction processes. He also carried out research on the proof of the Brillouin zone in the energy - band theory, the calculation of binding energy, and the FFI model theory. Two - band theory Cheng Kaijia made excellent achievements in the strict proof of the Dirac equation for free particles and the five - dimensional field theory. In 1948, together with his tutor, the famous physicist M. Born, he proposed the two - band theory of superconductivity and published many relevant papers in magazines such as Nature. Since 1986, Cheng Kaijia further developed and improved the two - band theory of superconductivity, proved that BCS's electron - pairing theory was wrong, and published two monographs on superconductivity. He proposed a new electron theory of condensed matter, known as the TFDC (Thomas - Fermi - Dirac - Cheng) theory, which was verified by experiments and provided a new theoretical basis for the study of material properties and the design of new materials. Nuclear tests In the 1960s, Cheng Kaijia established and developed China's nuclear explosion theory systematically expounding physical phenomena during atmospheric nuclear explosions or underground ones along with their generation mechanisms & development laws; this has been verified & improved in successive tests becoming an important basis for overall design, safety assessment, test diagnosis & effect research of Chinese nuclear tests. Guided by this theory, he founded the research field of nuclear explosion effects, established and improved the technical routes, safety regulations and technical measures for different types of nuclear tests. He led and promoted the establishment and scientific development of China's nuclear test technology system, guided the establishment of the basic framework for test diagnosis in nuclear tests, studied and solved key technical problems in nuclear tests, met the increasing requirements of nuclear tests, and supported the improvement of China's nuclear weapon design and combat application. Radiation hardening In the 1980s, Cheng Kaijia initiated the research field of radiation hardening technology in China. Under his leadership, systematic studies were carried out on the nuclear explosion radiation environment, the principles methods & technologies of radiation hardening for electronic components & systems; radiation fields from nuclear tests were used to study radiation effects & hardening methods. He guided construction of advanced experimental simulation conditions promoted self–designed construction projects regarding facilities simulating nuclear radiations conducting fundamental theoretical studies & experiments which promoted continuous development of Chinese radiation - hardening technology providing technical support for enhancing survival capabilities & penetration abilities of strategic weapons. Super - hard materials Cheng Kaijia organized units such as the State Key Laboratory of Super - hard Materials at Jilin University, supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China, to apply this theory to research on diamond catalysts nanotube generation thin - film large - capacitance etc., making important contributions towards developing iron–based catalysts for synthetic diamonds. [Great Craftsmen: Cheng Kaijia: Building a Shield for the Country All His Life]
