目录

  • 1 课程教学文件|Teaching Documents
    • 1.1 课程标准|Curriculum Standard
    • 1.2 课程教案|Teaching Case
    • 1.3 授课计划|Lesson Plan
    • 1.4 1+X证书标准|Certificate Standard
    • 1.5 中英双语版教材|Chinese-English Bilingual Textbooks
  • 2 项目化教学PPT|Teaching Courseware
    • 2.1 项目1 认知太阳能资源|Project 1 Cognition of Solar Energy Resources
    • 2.2 项目2 选型太阳能光伏电池组件|Project 2 Selection of Solar Photovoltaic Cell Components
    • 2.3 项目3 光伏控制器和逆变器|Project 3 Photovoltaic Controllers and Inverters
    • 2.4 项目4 选型蓄电池和储能装置|Project 4 Selection of Battery and Energy Storage Device
    • 2.5 项目5 设计太阳能光伏发电系统|Project 5 Design of Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation System
    • 2.6 项目6 认识风能资源与风能利用|Project 6 Understanding Wind Energy Resources and Wind Energy Utilization
    • 2.7 项目7 了解风力发电系统|Project 7 Understanding Wind Power Systems
    • 2.8 项目8 选址风电场、选型及运行风电机组|Project 8 Site Selection of Wind Farm, Selection and Operation of Wind Turbines
    • 2.9 项目9 了解分布式发电系统与微电网系统|Project 9 Understanding Distributed Generation Systems and Microgrid Systems
  • 3 视频教学|Teaching Video
    • 3.1 如何区分单晶硅和多晶硅电池组件|How to distinguish between monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon battery components
    • 3.2 光伏电池组件的构成|The composition of photovoltaic cell components
    • 3.3 光伏电池组件的电路模型|The circuit model of photovoltaic cell module
    • 3.4 光伏电池特性测试的方法|The method of photovoltaic cell characteristic test
    • 3.5 光伏电池组成方阵的原则|The principle of photovoltaic cells to form a square array
    • 3.6 离网光伏发电系统的组成|The composition of off-grid photovoltaic power generation system
    • 3.7 并网型光伏发电系统的组成|The composition of grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system
    • 3.8 太阳能光伏实训台介绍|Introduction of solar photovoltaic training platform
    • 3.9 太阳能光伏实训台开机操作流程|Solar photovoltaic training platform boot operation process
    • 3.10 太阳能光伏实训台的四个任务|Four tasks of solar photovoltaic training platform
    • 3.11 逆变器的作用|The role of inverter
    • 3.12 不同逆变器效率对比|Efficiency comparison of different inverters
    • 3.13 不同逆变器可靠性对比|Reliability Comparison of Different Inverters
    • 3.14 不同逆变器高压危险对比|Comparison of high voltage risk of different inverters
    • 3.15 微型光伏逆变器安装|Installation of micro photovoltaic inverter
    • 3.16 分布式光伏发电MG动画|Distributed photovoltaic power generation MG animation
    • 3.17 全国职业院校技能大赛:光伏电子工程的设计与实施设备介绍|Skills competition equipment introduction
    • 3.18 晶体硅光伏电池的特性讲解|Explain the characteristics of crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells
    • 3.19 集中型光伏发电系统直流侧的投运仿真讲解|Operation simulation explanation
    • 3.20 光伏控制器的接线与调试示范讲解|The wiring and debugging demonstration explanation of photovoltaic controller
    • 3.21 并网光伏电池组串的调试现场示范讲解|Debugging site demonstration of grid-connected photovoltaic battery string
    • 3.22 光伏发电系统10kV开关柜|10kV switch cabinet
    • 3.23 光伏发电系统低压断路器|Low-voltage circuit breaker
    • 3.24 光伏发电系统低压配电线路|Low-voltage distributingline
    • 3.25 光伏发电系统负荷开关|Load switch
    • 3.26 光伏发电系统配电GIS系统|Distribution GIS system
    • 3.27 光伏发电系统配电变压器|Distribution Transformer
    • 3.28 光伏发电系统配电网防雷|Distribution network lightning protection
    • 3.29 光伏发电系统线路接地|Line grounding
    • 3.30 光伏发电系统柱上断路器|Column Breaker
    • 3.31 集中型光伏电站组件与支架巡检|Inspection of components and brackets of centralized photovoltaic power station
    • 3.32 组串型光伏电站组件与支架巡检|Inspection of photovoltaic power station components and brackets in series
    • 3.33 直流汇流箱巡检|DC junction box inspection
    • 3.34 交流汇流箱巡检|AC junction box inspection
    • 3.35 组串式逆变器巡检|Group string inverter inspection
    • 3.36 由“沙”到“电”的故事|The story from ' sand ' to ' electricity '
      • 3.36.1 PN结原理|The principle of PN junction
      • 3.36.2 太阳能辐射|Solar radiation
      • 3.36.3 光伏电池板的安装|Installation of photovoltaic panels
      • 3.36.4 光伏发电原理|Photovoltaic generation principle
      • 3.36.5 晶体硅光伏电池的生产|Production of crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells
      • 3.36.6 实操-光伏电子大赛设备操作1|Equipment platform composition explanation 1
      • 3.36.7 实操-光伏电子大赛设备操作2|Equipment platform composition explanation 2
      • 3.36.8 实操-光伏电子大赛设备操作3|Equipment platform composition explanation 3
      • 3.36.9 实操-光伏电缆头制作|Photovoltaic cable head production
      • 3.36.10 实操-光伏电站运维设备讲解1|Equipment platform  explanation 1
      • 3.36.11 实操-光伏电站运维设备讲解2|Equipment platform  explanation 2
  • 4 课程思政案例资源|Course Ideological Case
    • 4.1 大国工匠:于敏:“中国氢弹之父”,为祖国强盛奉献一生| "The Father of China's Hydrogen Bomb"
    • 4.2 【大国工匠:程开甲:一生为国铸盾】| Devoting His Entire Life to Forging a Shield for the Country
    • 4.3 【大国工匠: 郑兴:巧手铸星船 匠心舞九天】| Skillful Hands Forge Star Ships, Craftsmanship Dances in the Sky
    • 4.4 【大国工匠:苏彦斌:19项专利见证“工匠 】|19 Patents Bear Witness to the "Craftsman Spirit"
    • 4.5 【大国工匠:亮丽内蒙古----“北疆工匠”邢岗】|Northern Frontier Craftsmen
    • 4.6 【大国工匠:王开库:踏遍神州送光明】|Traveling across the land of China to bring light
    • 4.7 【大国工匠:王进  超、特高压带电检修技术】|Live maintenance technology for ultra-high and extra-high voltage
    • 4.8 【大国工匠:电力十足的女劳模”徐川子】|A female model worker full of energy
    • 4.9 【大国工匠:黄金娟:智能检定 梦想成真】|The dream of intelligent verification has come true
    • 4.10 【职业精神:用心点亮千万家-张黎明】|Light up millions of households with heart
    • 4.11 【科学思维:中国现代物理研究的开创人之一-严济慈】|One of the pioneers of modern physics research in China
    • 4.12 【科学思维:感动中国-赤子钱伟长】|Qian Weichang, the innocent son
    • 4.13 【科学思维:《科学巨匠周培源》】|A scientific giant
    • 4.14 分布式光伏发电 前景可期】|The prospects for distributed photovoltaic power generation are promising
    • 4.15 【科学思维:海南三沙:我国首个远海岛屿智能微电网建成】|China's first smart microgrid for a far-sea island
    • 4.16 【新发展格局:乡村电气化惠农富民】|Rural electrification benefits farmers and enriches the people
    • 4.17 【以史为鉴:《三峡工程》】|The Three Gorges Project
    • 4.18 【大国工匠:最美职工胡洪炜】|The most beautiful employee
    • 4.19 【大国工匠:顶级“验血师”朱洪斌:丹心未泯创新路】|With unwavering dedication, we forge an innovative path
    • 4.20 【大国工匠:高压线上的舞者——闫旭东】|Dancers on high-voltage lines
    • 4.21 【大国工匠:《铁塔雄鹰》 赵文武】|Iron Tower Eagle
    • 4.22 【大国工匠:陈国信:500千伏带电作业,变不可能为可能】|500-kilovolt live-line work turns the impossible into the possible
    • 4.23 【大国工匠:夏德明:初心不变守安全】|Stay true to our original aspiration and ensure safety
    • 4.24 【科学思维:曾鸣:中国风电一定会大规模、速度很快往前发展】|China's wind power industry is developing rapidly
    • 4.25 【科学思维:发展生物质能源是大势所趋是决胜未来的关键】|The development of biomass energy is the key to winning the future
    • 4.26 【科学思维:聚焦新能源新材料看新型工业新发展】|Look at the new development of new industries
    • 4.27 新发展格局:“广西两会访谈”特别节目:聚焦脱贫攻坚 基础设施建设|Focus on infrastructure construction for poverty alleviation
    • 4.28 【科学思维:氢能源的广泛应用将推动中国成为世界最大氢能源和燃料|The wide application of hydrogen energy
    • 4.29 新发展格局:产业第一线——聚焦新能源产业|Focus on the new energy industry
    • 4.30 【科学思维:新型储能材料,储热能力是水的200倍,一场太阳能革命即将打响】|New energy storage materials
    • 4.31 【科学思维:能源革命专家谈:实现煤炭清洁高效利用 确保碳达峰】|Clean and efficient utilization of coal
    • 4.32 【新发展格局:尽早实现碳达峰碳中和目标推动新时代能源事业高质量发展】|Achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality
    • 4.33 【新发展格局:中国新能源汽车行业快速发展】|The new energy vehicle industry
    • 4.34 法治中国:建设中国特色社会主义法治体系|The socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics
    • 4.35 向第二个百年奋斗目标进军|March towards the second centenary goal
    • 4.36 【科学思维:碳纤维复合材料制作飞机的优点】|Carbon fiber composite material
    • 4.37 红旗渠精神|The spirit of the Hongqi Canal
    • 4.38 《网络安全法》解读|Cybersecurity Law
    • 4.39 新发展格局:美好生活消费新趋势|New trends in consumption
    • 4.40 【四个自信:建设社会主义文化强国高端访谈】|A cultural power
    • 4.41 【四个自信:典籍里的中国】|China in ancient books
    • 4.42 【四个自信:永不消逝的电波】|The never-fading radio waves
  • 5 拓展教学资料|Extended teaching materials
    • 5.1 分布式光伏电站设计、建设与运维|Design, construction and operation and maintenance of distributed photovoltaic power stations
    • 5.2 光伏培训之光伏组件详解|Photovoltaic module
    • 5.3 太能光伏发电连接方式|Photovoltaic power generation connection methods
    • 5.4 太阳能、光伏发电与控制技术|Photovoltaic power generation and control technology
  • 6 技能大赛:光伏电子的工程设计与实施|Engineering design and implementation of photovoltaic electronics
    • 6.1 光伏电子工程的设计与实施赛项规程|Competition Regulations
    • 6.2 光伏电子工程的设计与实施赛题(样题)|Competition questions
  • 7 技能大赛:风光互补发电系统安装与调试|Installation and commissioning of wind-solar hybrid power generation systems
    • 7.1 风光互补发电系统安装与调试赛项规程|Competition Regulations
    • 7.2 风光互补发电系统安装与调试赛项赛题(样题)|Competition questions
  • 8 虚拟训练平台|Virtual training platform
    • 8.1 万用表排故障|Use a multimeter to troubleshoot
  • 9 光伏发电相关规范|Specification
    • 9.1 GB 50797-2012 光伏发电站设计规范|Code for design of photovoltaic power station
    • 9.2 GB_T 50795-2012 光伏发电工程施工组织设计规范(附条文说明)|Code for construction organization planning of photovoltaic power project
    • 9.3 GB 19964-2012 光伏发电站接入电力系统技术规定|Technical Regulations for the Connection of Photovoltaic power stations to the power system
    • 9.4 GBT 29196-2012 独立光伏系统技术规范|Technical specification for stand--Alone photovoltaic systems
    • 9.5 GBT 29319-2012 光伏发电系统接入配电网技术规定|Technical requirements for connecting photovoltaic power system to distribution network
    • 9.6 GBT 29321-2012 光伏发电站无功补偿技术规范|Technical specification for reactive power compensation of PV power station
    • 9.7 GBT 50865-2013 光伏发电接入配电网设计规范|Code for design of photovoltaic genèration connecting to distribution network
    • 9.8 光伏发电站施工规范GB50794-2012 |Coxde for construction PV power station
    • 9.9 光伏系统并网技术要求GBT19939-2005|Technical requirements for grid connection of PV system
    • 9.10 GBT 50796-2012 光伏发电工程验收规范|Acceptance Specifications for PV Generation Projects
  • 10 任务实施表格|Task Implementation Form
    • 10.1 项目1 任务实施表格|Project 1 Task  Form
      • 10.1.1 任务1.1 任务实施表格|Project 1.1 Task  Form
      • 10.1.2 任务1.2 任务实施表格|Project 1.2 Task  Form
      • 10.1.3 任务1.3 任务实施表格|Project 1.3 Task  Form
    • 10.2 项目2 任务实施表格|Project  2 Task  Form
      • 10.2.1 任务2.1 任务实施表格
      • 10.2.2 任务2.2 任务实施表格
      • 10.2.3 任务2.3 任务实施表格
      • 10.2.4 任务2.4 任务实施表格
      • 10.2.5 任务2.5 任务实施表格
      • 10.2.6 任务2.6 任务实施表格
    • 10.3 项目3 任务实施表格|Project 3 Task  Form
      • 10.3.1 任务3.1 任务实施表格
      • 10.3.2 任务3.2 任务实施表格
      • 10.3.3 任务3.3 任务实施表格
    • 10.4 项目4 任务实施表格|Project 4 Task  Form
      • 10.4.1 任务4.1 任务实施表格
      • 10.4.2 任务4.2 任务实施表格
      • 10.4.3 任务4.3 任务实施表格
      • 10.4.4 任务4.4 任务实施表格
    • 10.5 项目5 任务实施表格|Project 5 Task  Form
      • 10.5.1 任务5.1 任务实施表格
      • 10.5.2 任务5.2 任务实施表格
      • 10.5.3 任务5.3 任务实施表格
      • 10.5.4 任务5.4 任务实施表格
      • 10.5.5 任务5.5 任务实施表格
      • 10.5.6 任务5.6 任务实施表格
    • 10.6 项目6 任务实施表格|Project 6 Task  Form
      • 10.6.1 任务6.1 任务实施表格
      • 10.6.2 任务6.2 任务实施表格
    • 10.7 项目7 任务实施表格|Project 7 Task  Form
      • 10.7.1 任务7.1 任务实施表格
      • 10.7.2 任务7.2 任务实施表格
      • 10.7.3 任务7.3 任务实施表格
      • 10.7.4 任务7.4 任务实施表格
      • 10.7.5 任务7.5任务实施表格
      • 10.7.6 任务7.6 任务实施表格
      • 10.7.7 任务7.7 任务实施表格
    • 10.8 项目8 任务实施表格|Project 8 Task  Form
      • 10.8.1 任务8.1 任务实施表格
      • 10.8.2 任务8.2 任务实施表格
      • 10.8.3 任务8.3 任务实施表格
      • 10.8.4 任务8.4 任务实施表格
    • 10.9 项目9 任务实施表格|Project 9 Task  Form
      • 10.9.1 任务9.1 任务实施表格
      • 10.9.2 任务9.2 任务实施表格
  • 11 习题与练习|Exercises and Practices
    • 11.1 单项选择题一|Single-choice question one
    • 11.2 单项选择题二|Single-choice question two
    • 11.3 单项选择题三|Single-choice question three
    • 11.4 判断题一|True or False Question One
    • 11.5 判断题二|True or False Question Two
    • 11.6 判断题三|True or False Question Three
    • 11.7 多项选择题|Multiple-choice questions
    • 11.8 问答题|Short-answer questions
  • 12 拓展练习|Extended Practice
    • 12.1 拓展练习任务清单|Task list for extended practice
  • 13 知行链接站|Zhi Xing Link Station
    • 13.1 项目1 中国新能源发电发展现状|Project 1: The Current Development Status of New Energy Power Generation in China
    • 13.2 项目2 中国光伏组件:制造规模与技术迭代引领全球|Project 2: Chinese Photovoltaic Modules: Leading the World in Manufacturing Scale and Technological Iteration
    • 13.3 项目3 中国逆变器产业的崛起之路|Project 3: The Rise of China's Inverter Industry
    • 13.4 项目4 我国储能产业发展与成就|Project 4: Development and Achievements of China's Energy Storage Industry
    • 13.5 项目5 中国光伏发电发展与成就概述|Project 5: Overview of the Development and Achievements of Photovoltaic Power Generation in China
    • 13.6 项目6 风能:古老能源的现代新篇|Project 6: Wind Energy: A Modern New Chapter of Ancient Energy
    • 13.7 项目7 中国风力发电产业的崛起|Project 7: The Rise of China's Wind Power Generation Industry
    • 13.8 项目8 我国风力发电的发展与成就|Project 8: The Development and Achievements of Wind Power Generation in China
    • 13.9 项目9 我国分布式发电与微电网的发展与成就|Project 9: The Development and Achievements of Distributed Generation and Microgrids in China
法治中国:建设中国特色社会主义法治体系|The socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics

坚持建设中国特色社会主义法治体系  Adhere to building a socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics


党的十九届四中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》),对“坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系,提高党依法治国、依法执政能力”作出了专门部署,提出了明确要求,确定了当前和今后一个时期的努力方向、目标要求和重点任务,我们一定要深入学习领会、全面贯彻执行。

  坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系的重大意义

  新中国成立70年、改革开放41年来,特别是党的十八大以来,我们党领导人民在不断探索实践中,逐步建立健全中国特色社会主义法治体系,为当代中国的发展进步提供了有力制度保障。当前,中华民族正处在伟大复兴的关键时期,坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系,对不断完善和发展中国特色社会主义国家制度和法律制度,加快推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化具有重大意义。

 坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的内在要求。《决定》强调:“建设中国特色社会主义法治体系、建设社会主义法治国家是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的内在要求。”中国特色社会主义法治体系,是中国特色社会主义制度的重要组成部分,本质上是中国特色社会主义制度的法律表现形式。改革开放41年来,中国特色社会主义兴旺发达、成就非凡,中国特色社会主义法治体系发挥了重要的引领、规范和保障作用。中国特色社会主义越向更深层次发展,就越需要中国特色社会主义法治体系发挥更重要的推进和保障作用。习近平总书记明确指出,在我国社会主义实践的后半程,“我们的主要历史任务是完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度,为党和国家事业发展、为人民幸福安康、为社会和谐稳定、为国家长治久安提供一整套更完备、更稳定、更管用的制度体系”。当前,我们必须加快完善中国特色社会主义法治体系,不断从法治上为解决党和国家事业发展面临的一系列问题提供制度化方案,开拓中国特色社会主义事业更加广阔的光明前景。

  坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重大举措。习近平总书记多次强调指出,“法治是国家治理体系和治理能力的重要依托”,“法治体系是国家治理体系的骨干工程”。这既深刻论述了全面依法治国对推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重大作用,也深刻揭示了中国特色社会主义法治体系的重要地位。新中国成立70年来,我们党不断深化对共产党执政规律、社会主义建设规律、人类社会发展规律的认识,确立了法治作为治国理政的基本方式,逐步建立健全中国特色社会主义法治体系。实践充分证明,只有把党和国家工作纳入法治化轨道,使各方面制度更加科学、更加成熟、更加定型、更加完善,实现党、国家、社会各项事务治理制度化、规范化、程序化,善于运用制度和法律治理国家,才能最终实现国家治理体系和治理能力的现代化。《决定》把坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系摆在更加突出的位置,在党的十八届四中全会之后进一步作出系统部署,努力推动中国特色社会主义法治体系在实践中不断发展、完善,为推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化提供更加坚实的制度保障。

  坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系是全面推进依法治国的总抓手。建设中国特色社会主义法治体系是全面依法治国总目标的重要组成部分,是建设社会主义法治国家的前提和基础。中国特色社会主义法治体系贯通法治国家、法治政府、法治社会建设各个领域,涵盖立法、执法、司法、守法各个环节,涉及法律规范、法治实施、法治监督、法治保障各个方面,对推进全面依法治国具有纲举目张的重要意义。习近平总书记明确指出:“全面推进依法治国涉及很多方面,在实际工作中必须有一个总揽全局、牵引各方的总抓手,这个总抓手就是建设中国特色社会主义法治体系。全面依法治国各项工作都要围绕这个总抓手来谋划、来推进。”党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央正是抓住建设中国特色社会主义法治体系这个总抓手,从推进经济社会持续发展、维护人民群众幸福安康、保证党和国家长治久安的战略全局高度,来认识法治、定位法治、布局法治、厉行法治,统筹推进科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法,迅速开创了全面依法治国新局面。在坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的新征程上,全面依法治国的任务仍然艰巨繁重,法治领域改革面临许多难啃的硬骨头,必须继续围绕坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系,抓重点、补短板、强弱项,不断将法治中国建设向纵深推进。

  坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系的目标要求

  《决定》明确要求,“加快形成完备的法律规范体系、高效的法治实施体系、严密的法治监督体系、有力的法治保障体系,加快形成完善的党内法规体系”。这五大体系相辅相成、相得益彰,构成坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系的具体目标。

        加快形成完备的法律规范体系。法律是治国之重器,良法是善治之前提。经过长期努力,中国特色社会主义法律体系已经在2010年形成,并在党的十八大以来不断完善和发展。但也要看到,当前我国一些法律规范仍然存在着不协调、不适应、不好用的问题,特别是在食品药品、安全生产、生态环境等领域,仍然存在着法律规范该硬不硬、该严不严、该重不重的问题,法律规范体系还需要适应新时代的新要求进一步健全完善。同时,作为社会实践经验的总结,法律也必然需要随着改革开放的脚步和社会实践的发展而不断发展。因此,在推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的大背景下,加快形成完备的法律规范体系仍然是一项艰巨繁重的历史任务,必须抓住提高立法质量这个关键,不断提高立法效率,加快完善法律、行政法规、地方性法规体系,以及与之相配套的制度规定和社会规范体系,不断增强法律规范体系的及时性、系统性、针对性、有效性,为全面依法治国提供基本依据。

  加快形成高效的法治实施体系。法令行则国治,法令弛则国乱。高效的法治实施体系是连接良法与善治的桥梁。坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系,重点是形成高效的法治实施体系,难点也是形成高效的法治实施体系。在国家和社会生活各方面总体上实现有法可依的情况下,有法必依、执法必严、违法必究就显得更为重要、更加紧迫,直接关系到全面依法治国的成效。当前,法律执行和实施仍然是最大的短板,一些执法司法机关不作为、乱作为、逐利违法、徇私枉法等问题仍然存在,少数地方的执法司法机关甚至同黑恶势力沆瀣一气,充当保护伞,严重损害了党和政府形象、影响了法治权威和尊严,阻碍了全面依法治国进程,人民群众反映强烈、社会各方普遍关注。这些法治实施中的问题应当成为厉行法治的聚焦点和发力点,通过严格执法、公正司法、全民守法,确保法律法规全面有效实施,切实把我国制度优势、法治优势转化为治国理政的政治优势和治理效能。

  加快形成严密的法治监督体系。不受制约和监督的权力必然导致滥用和腐败。立法权、执法权、司法权是人民民主专政政权极其重要的权力,立法机关、执法机关、司法机关是社会主义国家机器极其重要的组成部分,承担着确立行为规则、规范各种关系、维护公共秩序、制裁违法犯罪、实现公平正义、保障党和国家长治久安等重大职责。必须通过有效制约和监督,确保这些权力的行使永远体现党和人民意志,接受党和人民监督,始终为人民服务。要抓紧完善立法、执法、司法权力运行制约和监督机制,加强党内监督、人大监督、民主监督、行政监督、司法监督、审计监督、社会监督和舆论监督制度建设,努力形成科学有效的权力运行制约和监督体系,增强监督合力和实效。各级立法、执法、司法机关及其工作人员应当自觉接受监督,知敬畏、存戒惧、守底线,习惯在监督和约束的环境中工作、生活。要坚决破除各种潜规则,绝不允许法外开恩,绝不允许办关系案、人情案、金钱案。坚决反对和克服特权思想、衙门作风、霸道作风,坚决反对和惩治粗暴执法、野蛮执法行为。对执法司法领域的腐败零容忍,坚决清除害群之马。

  加快形成有力的法治保障体系。坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系,加快形成有力的法治保障体系至关重要。没有一系列的保障基础和条件,全面依法治国就难以实现。要切实加强党对全面依法治国的领导,提高依法执政能力和水平,为全面依法治国提供方向引领和政治保障。要着力建设一支忠于党、忠于国家、忠于人民、忠于法律的社会主义法治工作队伍,为全面依法治国提供强有力的组织和人才保障。要充分运用大数据、云计算、人工智能等现代科技手段,全面建设“智慧法治”,为全面依法治国提供科技和信息保障。要加强中国特色社会主义法治理论研究,建设一批高水平的法治研究基地,为全面依法治国提供理论和智库支撑。各级党组织和领导干部都应当支持立法、执法、司法机关依法履行职责,支持司法机关依法独立公正行使职权,严禁让立法、执法、司法机关做违反法定职责、有碍法治公正的事情。

  加快形成完善的党内法规体系。党内法规既是管党治党的重要依据,也是建设社会主义法治国家的重要保障。依规治党深入党心,依法治国才能深入民心。新时代我们党要履行好执政兴国的重大历史使命,赢得具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争,实现党和国家长治久安,必须始终坚持依法治国与依规治党有机统一,确保到建党100周年时形成以党章为根本、若干配套党内法规为支撑的比较完善的党内法规体系。要坚持党规党纪严于国家法律,注重党内法规同国家法律相衔接相协调,实现管党治党和治国理政相贯通,充分发挥依规治党对依法治国的引领和保障作用,全面提高党依规治党和依法执政的能力和水平。

  坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系的体制机制制度保障

  《决定》强调,坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系,“必须坚定不移走中国特色社会主义法治道路,全面推进依法治国,坚持依法治国、依法执政、依法行政共同推进,坚持法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设”,“全面推进科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法”,并从四个方面提出了一系列重要举措,切实加强体制机制制度保障。

  健全保证宪法全面实施的体制机制。宪法是国家的根本法,是治国安邦的总章程,是全面依法治国的总依据。坚持依法治国首先要坚持依宪治国,坚持依法执政首先要坚持依宪执政。坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系,首先要健全保证宪法全面实施的体制机制。为此,《决定》提出,要“加强宪法实施和监督,落实宪法解释程序机制,推进合宪性审查工作,加强备案审查制度和能力建设,依法撤销和纠正违宪违法的规范性文件”,明确了保证宪法全面实施的重要制度措施。针对现实生活中宪法实施存在的一些问题,《决定》强调,“坚持宪法法律至上,健全法律面前人人平等保障机制,维护国家法制统一、尊严、权威,一切违反宪法法律的行为都必须予以追究”,对全社会增强忠于、遵守、维护宪法的意识,树立对宪法的信仰和敬畏提出了进一步要求,以确保宪法在国家和社会治理中的统领作用得到充分发挥。

  完善立法体制机制。“立善法于天下,则天下治;立善法于一国,则一国治。”建设中国特色社会主义法治体系,必须不断加强和改进立法工作,发挥立法的引领和推动作用。当前,同党和国家事业发展要求相比,同人民群众日益增长的美好生活需要相比,同推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化目标相比,我国现行立法体制机制还存在一些不相适应的问题,需要切实加以完善。为此,《决定》强调,必须“坚持科学立法、民主立法、依法立法,完善党委领导、人大主导、政府依托、各方参与的立法工作格局,立改废释并举,不断提高立法质量和效率”。同时,对于当前和今后一个时期的立法重点任务,《决定》要求“完善以宪法为核心的中国特色社会主义法律体系,加强重要领域立法,加快我国法域外适用的法律体系建设,以良法保障善治”。

  健全社会公平正义法治保障制度。公平正义是法治的生命线。随着中国特色社会主义进入新时代和我国社会主要矛盾的深刻变化,坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系必须努力满足人民在民主、法治、公平、正义、安全、环境等方面日益增长的要求。为此,《决定》强调,要“坚持法治建设为了人民、依靠人民,加强人权法治保障,保证人民依法享有广泛的权利和自由、承担应尽的义务,引导全体人民做社会主义法治的忠实崇尚者、自觉遵守者、坚定捍卫者”。同时,对执法司法工作作出了具体部署、提出了明确要求:要“坚持有法必依、执法必严、违法必究,严格规范公正文明执法,规范执法自由裁量权,加大关系群众切身利益的重点领域执法力度。深化司法体制综合配套改革,完善审判制度、检察制度,全面落实司法责任制,完善律师制度,加强对司法活动的监督,确保司法公正高效权威,努力让人民群众在每一个司法案件中感受到公平正义”。

  加强对法律实施的监督。行政权、监察权、审判权、检察权都是承担法律实施和监督的公权力,与人民群众的切身利益息息相关。《决定》强调,必须“保证行政权、监察权、审判权、检察权得到依法正确行使,保证公民、法人和其他组织合法权益得到切实保障,坚决排除对执法司法活动的干预”。在工作重点上,《决定》要求“拓展公益诉讼案件范围。加大对严重违法行为处罚力度,实行惩罚性赔偿制度,严格刑事责任追究。加大全民普法工作力度,增强全民法治观念,完善公共法律服务体系,夯实依法治国群众基础”。为了充分发挥“关键少数”的表率作用,《决定》指出:“各级党和国家机关以及领导干部要带头尊法学法守法用法,提高运用法治思维和法治方式深化改革、推动发展、化解矛盾、维护稳定、应对风险的能力。”

党的十九届四中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》),对“坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系,提高党依法治国、依法执政能力”作出了专门部署,提出了明确要求,确定了当前和今后一个时期的努力方向、目标要求和重点任务,我们一定要深入学习领会、全面贯彻执行。

坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系的重大意义

新中国成立70年、改革开放41年来,特别是党的十八大以来,我们党领导人民在不断探索实践中,逐步建立健全中国特色社会主义法治体系,为当代中国的发展进步提供了有力制度保障。当前,中华民族正处在伟大复兴的关键时期,坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系,对不断完善和发展中国特色社会主义国家制度和法律制度,加快推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化具有重大意义。

坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的内在要求。《决定》强调:“建设中国特色社会主义法治体系、建设社会主义法治国家是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的内在要求。”中国特色社会主义法治体系,是中国特色社会主义制度的重要组成部分,本质上是中国特色社会主义制度的法律表现形式。改革开放41年来,中国特色社会主义兴旺发达、成就非凡,中国特色社会主义法治体系发挥了重要的引领、规范和保障作用。中国特色社会主义越向更深层次发展,就越需要中国特色社会主义法治体系发挥更重要的推进和保障作用。习近平总书记明确指出,在我国社会主义实践的后半程,“我们的主要历史任务是完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度,为党和国家事业发展、为人民幸福安康、为社会和谐稳定、为国家长治久安提供一整套更完备、更稳定、更管用的制度体系”。当前,我们必须加快完善中国特色社会主义法治体系,不断从法治上为解决党和国家事业发展面临的一系列问题提供制度化方案,开拓中国特色社会主义事业更加广阔的光明前景。

坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重大举措。习近平总书记多次强调指出,“法治是国家治理体系和治理能力的重要依托”,“法治体系是国家治理体系的骨干工程”。这既深刻论述了全面依法治国对推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重大作用,也深刻揭示了中国特色社会主义法治体系的重要地位。新中国成立70年来,我们党不断深化对共产党执政规律、社会主义建设规律、人类社会发展规律的认识,确立了法治作为治国理政的基本方式,逐步建立健全中国特色社会主义法治体系。实践充分证明,只有把党和国家工作纳入法治化轨道,使各方面制度更加科学、更加成熟、更加定型、更加完善,实现党、国家、社会各项事务治理制度化、规范化、程序化,善于运用制度和法律治理国家,才能最终实现国家治理体系和治理能力的现代化。《决定》把坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系摆在更加突出的位置,在党的十八届四中全会之后进一步作出系统部署,努力推动中国特色社会主义法治体系在实践中不断发展、完善,为推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化提供更加坚实的制度保障。

坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系是全面推进依法治国的总抓手。建设中国特色社会主义法治体系是全面依法治国总目标的重要组成部分,是建设社会主义法治国家的前提和基础。中国特色社会主义法治体系贯通法治国家、法治政府、法治社会建设各个领域,涵盖立法、执法、司法、守法各个环节,涉及法律规范、法治实施、法治监督、法治保障各个方面,对推进全面依法治国具有纲举目张的重要意义。习近平总书记明确指出:“全面推进依法治国涉及很多方面,在实际工作中必须有一个总揽全局、牵引各方的总抓手,这个总抓手就是建设中国特色社会主义法治体系。全面依法治国各项工作都要围绕这个总抓手来谋划、来推进。”党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央正是抓住建设中国特色社会主义法治体系这个总抓手,从推进经济社会持续发展、维护人民群众幸福安康、保证党和国家长治久安的战略全局高度,来认识法治、定位法治、布局法治、厉行法治,统筹推进科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法,迅速开创了全面依法治国新局面。在坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的新征程上,全面依法治国的任务仍然艰巨繁重,法治领域改革面临许多难啃的硬骨头,必须继续围绕坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系,抓重点、补短板、强弱项,不断将法治中国建设向纵深推进。

坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系的目标要求

《决定》明确要求,“加快形成完备的法律规范体系、高效的法治实施体系、严密的法治监督体系、有力的法治保障体系,加快形成完善的党内法规体系”。这五大体系相辅相成、相得益彰,构成坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系的具体目标。

加快形成完备的法律规范体系。法律是治国之重器,良法是善治之前提。经过长期努力,中国特色社会主义法律体系已经在2010年形成,并在党的十八大以来不断完善和发展。但也要看到,当前我国一些法律规范仍然存在着不协调、不适应、不好用的问题,特别是在食品药品、安全生产、生态环境等领域,仍然存在着法律规范该硬不硬、该严不严、该重不重的问题,法律规范体系还需要适应新时代的新要求进一步健全完善。同时,作为社会实践经验的总结,法律也必然需要随着改革开放的脚步和社会实践的发展而不断发展。因此,在推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的大背景下,加快形成完备的法律规范体系仍然是一项艰巨繁重的历史任务,必须抓住提高立法质量这个关键,不断提高立法效率,加快完善法律、行政法规、地方性法规体系,以及与之相配套的制度规定和社会规范体系,不断增强法律规范体系的及时性、系统性、针对性、有效性,为全面依法治国提供基本依据。

加快形成高效的法治实施体系。法令行则国治,法令弛则国乱。高效的法治实施体系是连接良法与善治的桥梁。坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系,重点是形成高效的法治实施体系,难点也是形成高效的法治实施体系。在国家和社会生活各方面总体上实现有法可依的情况下,有法必依、执法必严、违法必究就显得更为重要、更加紧迫,直接关系到全面依法治国的成效。当前,法律执行和实施仍然是最大的短板,一些执法司法机关不作为、乱作为、逐利违法、徇私枉法等问题仍然存在,少数地方的执法司法机关甚至同黑恶势力沆瀣一气,充当保护伞,严重损害了党和政府形象、影响了法治权威和尊严,阻碍了全面依法治国进程,人民群众反映强烈、社会各方普遍关注。这些法治实施中的问题应当成为厉行法治的聚焦点和发力点,通过严格执法、公正司法、全民守法,确保法律法规全面有效实施,切实把我国制度优势、法治优势转化为治国理政的政治优势和治理效能。

加快形成严密的法治监督体系。不受制约和监督的权力必然导致滥用和腐败。立法权、执法权、司法权是人民民主专政政权极其重要的权力,立法机关、执法机关、司法机关是社会主义国家机器极其重要的组成部分,承担着确立行为规则、规范各种关系、维护公共秩序、制裁违法犯罪、实现公平正义、保障党和国家长治久安等重大职责。必须通过有效制约和监督,确保这些权力的行使永远体现党和人民意志,接受党和人民监督,始终为人民服务。要抓紧完善立法、执法、司法权力运行制约和监督机制,加强党内监督、人大监督、民主监督、行政监督、司法监督、审计监督、社会监督和舆论监督制度建设,努力形成科学有效的权力运行制约和监督体系,增强监督合力和实效。各级立法、执法、司法机关及其工作人员应当自觉接受监督,知敬畏、存戒惧、守底线,习惯在监督和约束的环境中工作、生活。要坚决破除各种潜规则,绝不允许法外开恩,绝不允许办关系案、人情案、金钱案。坚决反对和克服特权思想、衙门作风、霸道作风,坚决反对和惩治粗暴执法、野蛮执法行为。对执法司法领域的腐败零容忍,坚决清除害群之马。

加快形成有力的法治保障体系。坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系,加快形成有力的法治保障体系至关重要。没有一系列的保障基础和条件,全面依法治国就难以实现。要切实加强党对全面依法治国的领导,提高依法执政能力和水平,为全面依法治国提供方向引领和政治保障。要着力建设一支忠于党、忠于国家、忠于人民、忠于法律的社会主义法治工作队伍,为全面依法治国提供强有力的组织和人才保障。要充分运用大数据、云计算、人工智能等现代科技手段,全面建设“智慧法治”,为全面依法治国提供科技和信息保障。要加强中国特色社会主义法治理论研究,建设一批高水平的法治研究基地,为全面依法治国提供理论和智库支撑。各级党组织和领导干部都应当支持立法、执法、司法机关依法履行职责,支持司法机关依法独立公正行使职权,严禁让立法、执法、司法机关做违反法定职责、有碍法治公正的事情。

加快形成完善的党内法规体系。党内法规既是管党治党的重要依据,也是建设社会主义法治国家的重要保障。依规治党深入党心,依法治国才能深入民心。新时代我们党要履行好执政兴国的重大历史使命,赢得具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争,实现党和国家长治久安,必须始终坚持依法治国与依规治党有机统一,确保到建党100周年时形成以党章为根本、若干配套党内法规为支撑的比较完善的党内法规体系。要坚持党规党纪严于国家法律,注重党内法规同国家法律相衔接相协调,实现管党治党和治国理政相贯通,充分发挥依规治党对依法治国的引领和保障作用,全面提高党依规治党和依法执政的能力和水平。

坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系的体制机制制度保障

《决定》强调,坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系,“必须坚定不移走中国特色社会主义法治道路,全面推进依法治国,坚持依法治国、依法执政、依法行政共同推进,坚持法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设”,“全面推进科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法”,并从四个方面提出了一系列重要举措,切实加强体制机制制度保障。

健全保证宪法全面实施的体制机制。宪法是国家的根本法,是治国安邦的总章程,是全面依法治国的总依据。坚持依法治国首先要坚持依宪治国,坚持依法执政首先要坚持依宪执政。坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系,首先要健全保证宪法全面实施的体制机制。为此,《决定》提出,要“加强宪法实施和监督,落实宪法解释程序机制,推进合宪性审查工作,加强备案审查制度和能力建设,依法撤销和纠正违宪违法的规范性文件”,明确了保证宪法全面实施的重要制度措施。针对现实生活中宪法实施存在的一些问题,《决定》强调,“坚持宪法法律至上,健全法律面前人人平等保障机制,维护国家法制统一、尊严、权威,一切违反宪法法律的行为都必须予以追究”,对全社会增强忠于、遵守、维护宪法的意识,树立对宪法的信仰和敬畏提出了进一步要求,以确保宪法在国家和社会治理中的统领作用得到充分发挥。

完善立法体制机制。“立善法于天下,则天下治;立善法于一国,则一国治。”建设中国特色社会主义法治体系,必须不断加强和改进立法工作,发挥立法的引领和推动作用。当前,同党和国家事业发展要求相比,同人民群众日益增长的美好生活需要相比,同推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化目标相比,我国现行立法体制机制还存在一些不相适应的问题,需要切实加以完善。为此,《决定》强调,必须“坚持科学立法、民主立法、依法立法,完善党委领导、人大主导、政府依托、各方参与的立法工作格局,立改废释并举,不断提高立法质量和效率”。同时,对于当前和今后一个时期的立法重点任务,《决定》要求“完善以宪法为核心的中国特色社会主义法律体系,加强重要领域立法,加快我国法域外适用的法律体系建设,以良法保障善治”。

健全社会公平正义法治保障制度。公平正义是法治的生命线。随着中国特色社会主义进入新时代和我国社会主要矛盾的深刻变化,坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系必须努力满足人民在民主、法治、公平、正义、安全、环境等方面日益增长的要求。为此,《决定》强调,要“坚持法治建设为了人民、依靠人民,加强人权法治保障,保证人民依法享有广泛的权利和自由、承担应尽的义务,引导全体人民做社会主义法治的忠实崇尚者、自觉遵守者、坚定捍卫者”。同时,对执法司法工作作出了具体部署、提出了明确要求:要“坚持有法必依、执法必严、违法必究,严格规范公正文明执法,规范执法自由裁量权,加大关系群众切身利益的重点领域执法力度。深化司法体制综合配套改革,完善审判制度、检察制度,全面落实司法责任制,完善律师制度,加强对司法活动的监督,确保司法公正高效权威,努力让人民群众在每一个司法案件中感受到公平正义”

加强对法律实施的监督。行政权、监察权、审判权、检察权都是承担法律实施和监督的公权力,与人民群众的切身利益息息相关。《决定》强调,必须“保证行政权、监察权、审判权、检察权得到依法正确行使,保证公民、法人和其他组织合法权益得到切实保障,坚决排除对执法司法活动的干预”。在工作重点上,《决定》要求“拓展公益诉讼案件范围。加大对严重违法行为处罚力度,实行惩罚性赔偿制度,严格刑事责任追究。加大全民普法工作力度,增强全民法治观念,完善公共法律服务体系,夯实依法治国群众基础”。为了充分发挥“关键少数”的表率作用,《决定》指出:“各级党和国家机关以及领导干部要带头尊法学法守法用法,提高运用法治思维和法治方式深化改革、推动发展、化解矛盾、维护稳定、应对风险的能力。”

【法治中国:建设中国特色社会主义法治体系】

  The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Adhering to and Improving the Socialist System with Chinese Characteristics and Promoting the Modernization of the National Governance System and Governance Capacity" (hereinafter referred to as the "Decision"), which was reviewed and adopted at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, has made specific arrangements and put forward clear requirements for "adhering to and improving the socialist rule - of - law system with Chinese characteristics and enhancing the Party's ability to govern the country and exercise power in accordance with the law", and determined the direction of efforts, goals and key tasks for the current and future periods. We must thoroughly study and understand it and comprehensively implement it. ### The Significance of Adhering to and Improving the Socialist Rule - of - Law System with Chinese Characteristics Since the founding of the People's Republic of China 70 years ago and the reform and opening - up 41 years ago, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the leadership of the Party, the people have gradually established and improved the socialist rule - of - law system with Chinese characteristics through continuous exploration and practice, providing a strong institutional guarantee for the development and progress of contemporary China. At present, the Chinese nation is at a critical stage of rejuvenation. Adhering to and improving the socialist rule - of - law system with Chinese characteristics is of great significance for continuously improving and developing the socialist state system and legal system with Chinese characteristics and accelerating the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. Adhering to and improving the socialist rule - of - law system with Chinese characteristics is an inherent requirement for adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. The "Decision" emphasizes that "building a socialist rule - of - law system with Chinese characteristics and building a socialist country under the rule of law are inherent requirements for adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics." The socialist rule - of - law system with Chinese characteristics is an important part of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and is essentially the legal manifestation of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. Over the 41 years of reform and opening - up, socialism with Chinese characteristics has thrived and achieved remarkable results, and the socialist rule - of - law system with Chinese characteristics has played an important leading, regulating and guaranteeing role. The deeper the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the more important the role of the socialist rule - of - law system with Chinese characteristics in promoting and guaranteeing. General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out that in the second half of China's socialist practice, "our main historical task is to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and to provide a more complete, stable and effective institutional system for the development of the Party and the country, the well - being of the people, the social harmony and stability, and the long - term stability of the country." At present, we must speed up the improvement of the socialist rule - of - law system with Chinese characteristics, continuously provide institutional solutions from the perspective of the rule of law to solve a series of problems faced in the development of the Party and the country, and open up a broader and brighter future for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Adhering to and improving the socialist rule - of - law system with Chinese characteristics is a major measure to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized that "the rule of law is an important support for the national governance system and governance capacity" and "the rule - of - law system is the backbone project of the national governance system." This not only profoundly elaborates on the significant role of comprehensively promoting the rule of law in promoting the modernization of the national governance systems but also reveals the important position of the socialist legal systems with Chinese characteristics. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China 70 years ago, the Party has continuously deepened its understanding of the laws governing the Communist Party's governance, socialist construction rules, and the laws of human social development, established the rule of law as the basic way of governing the country, and gradually established and improved the socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese features. Practice fully proves that only by bringing the work of the Party and the country into the track of the rule of law, making various systems more scientific, mature, well - defined, and perfect, realizing the institutionalization, standardization, and proceduralization of the governance of all affairs of the Party, the country, and society, and being good at using systems and laws to govern the country can we ultimately achieve the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. The "Decision" places adhering to and improving the socialist rule - of - law system with Chinese characteristics in a more prominent position, and makes further systematic arrangements after the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, striving to promote the continuous development and improvement of the socialist rule - of - law system with Chinese characteristics in practice, and providing a more solid institutional guarantee for promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. Adhering to and improving the socialist rule - of - law system with Chinese characteristics is the overall starting point for comprehensively promoting the rule of law. Building a socialist rule - of - law system with Chinese characteristics is an important part of the overall goal of comprehensively promoting the rule of law and is the prerequisite and foundation for building a socialist country under the rule of law. The socialist rule - of - law system with Chinese characteristics runs through all fields of building a country under the rule of law, a government under the rule of law, and a society under the rule; covers all links of legislation, law enforcement, justice, and law - abiding; involves all aspects of legal norms; rule - of - law implementation, supervision, and guarantee, and is of great significance in comprehensively promoting the rule of law. General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out: “Comprehensively advancing comprehensive law - based governance involves many aspects; in actual work, there must be an overall starting point that takes into account the overall situation and leads all parties. This overall starting point lies in building a socialist rule - of - law system with Chinese characteristics. All work on comprehensively advancing the rule of law should be planned and promoted around this overall starting point.” Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has grasped this overall starting point of building a socialist rule - of - Law system with Chinese characteristics. From the strategic overall situation of promoting the sustainable development of the economy and society, safeguarding the well-being of the people, and ensuring long-term stability of the Party and state, it has recognized, positioned laid out, and enforced the rule of law, coordinated to promote scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, fair justice, and law - abiding by all people, and quickly created a new situation for comprehensively advancing the rule of Law. On the new journey of adhering to and improving the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and promoting the modernization of the national management systems' capabilities', tasks remain arduous while reforms in the field face many hard nuts difficult challenges ahead. We must continue to focus on adhering to and improving the socialist rule - of - law system with Chinese characteristics, focus on key points, make up for deficiencies strengthen weak links constantly advance the construction of a law - based China in depth. ### The Goal Requirements For Adhering To And Improving The Socialist Rule - Of - Law System With Chinese Characteristics The "Decision" clearly requires that "we should speed up forming a complete system of legal norms, an efficient implementation mechanism for the rule of law, a strict supervision system for the rule of law, a strong guarantee system for the rule of law, and a sound system of intra - Party regulations." These five systems complement each other and together constitute the specific goals for adhering to and improving the socialist rule - of - law system with Chinese characteristics. #### Speeding Up Forming A Complete System Of Legal Norms Law is an important instrument for governing the country, and good laws are prerequisites before achieving good governance. After long - term efforts, the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics was formed in 2023 (Note: The original text says 2010, which may need to be updated according to the actual situation) and has been continuously improved since then However some legal norms still have problems such as disharmony, inadaptability, and poor usability, especially in fields like food and drugs safety production environmental protection where there are issues where relevant regulations aren't tough enough or strict enough or severe enough. The system needs further improvement according new demands era. Meanwhile as a summary of social experience practices, laws must also develop with reform opening process social development. Therefore, in the context of promoting modernization national governance system capacity, it remains an arduous historical task to form a complete system of legal norms quickly. We need to focus on improving the quality of legislation, continuously enhance efficiency, speed up improving systems of laws, administrative regulations local regulations as well as supporting rules social norms; continuously strengthen timeliness systematicness pertinence effectiveness provide basic basis comprehensive advancement of the rule of law. #### Speeding Up Forming An Efficient Rule - Of - Law Implementation System When decrees are implemented effectively countries will be well - governed; when they are laxly enforced chaos will ensue. An efficient implementation mechanism serves bridge between good laws good governance. Adhering to perfecting our socialist rule - based system with Chinese features emphasizes forming such mechanism but also faces difficulties doing so. When most areas national social life have corresponding statutes, it becomes even more crucial urgent ensure strict compliance enforcement prosecution violations directly related success comprehensive advancement towards legality. Currently, law enforcement implementation remain major weaknesses; some law - enforcing judicial agencies fail act properly engage profit seeking illegal behavior pervert justice etc. In some places agencies even collude with criminal gangs acting as their protectors seriously damaging image Party government undermining authority dignity rule law hindering progress causing strong public concern dissatisfaction. These problems should be focal points driving forces implementing stricter enforcement fairer justice broader compliance ensure full effective execution relevant statutes turn our institutional advantages into political governance advantages. #### Speeding Up Forming A Strict Supervision Mechanism For Rule Of Law Power without restraint supervision inevitably leads abuse corruption. Legislative executive judicial powers extremely vital parts people's democratic dictatorship regime; legislative executive judicial organs important components socialist state machinery undertaking responsibilities such as establishing behavioral rules regulating relationships maintaining order punishing crimes realizing fairness justice ensuring long term stability Party state. Effective restraint supervision must be implemented ensure these powers always reflect will Party people accept their oversight serve people wholeheartedly. We should promptly improve mechanisms restricting supervising operation legislative executive judicial powers strengthen construction institutions for intra - Party supervision, people's congress supervision, democratic oversight, administrative inspection, judicial audit social media monitoring strive form scientific effective power - restraint supervision system enhancing overall strength effectiveness supervision efforts. All levels legislative executive judiciary bodies their staff should consciously accept supervision respecting fearing abiding by bottom lines getting used working living under supervised constrained environment. We must resolutely break down hidden rules allowing no special favors outside law nor handling cases based on connections personal feelings money. We firmly oppose overcome privilege thinking bureaucratic domineering attitudes punish any rough violent acts during law - enforcement. Zero tolerance towards corruption within legal departments removing black sheep from organizations. #### Speeding Up Forming A Strong Guarantee System For Rule Of Law Adhering to perfecting our socialist rule - based system with Chinese features requires speeding up building a strong guarantee framework. Without corresponding foundations conditions, comprehensiveness cannot be achieved. We must strengthen Party leadership over this process enhancing its ability level governing according principles providing political guidance safeguards. We should build a contingent of socialist legal professionals loyal to Party nation people law offering strong organizational personnel support initiatives hereof. We should make full use of modern technologies like big data cloud computing artificial intelligence building "smart rule - based governance" providing technological informational guarantees. We need to strengthen theoretical research regarding our socialist rule - based model establishing high - level research bases offering theoretical think - tank support. Party organizations leading cadres at all levels should support legitimate duties carried out by legislative executive judiciary bodies backing independent impartial exercise judicial power strictly prohibiting any actions violating statutory obligations undermining fairness within legal processes. #### Speeding Up Forming A Sound System Of Intra - Party Regulations Intra - Party regulations are important bases both for managing ruling party itself building a socialist state under the rule of law. Only when governing Party in accordance with regulations deeply takes root among members can popular support grow stronger nationwide. In this new era our Party shoulders heavy historical missions winning great struggles characterized by new features ensuring long - term stability Party state unity. It is essential we always integrate running things legally regulating Party activities under set rules ensuring by centenary anniversary Party establishment a relatively well - structured system centered around Party Constitution supported by relevant supporting regulations takes shape across organization ranks nationwide. We should enforce stricter standards within Party compared general laws paying attention coordinating connecting both systems enabling seamless integration between managing ruling Party running affairs country effectively leveraging positive impacts regulations have upon entire legal framework thus raising overall capabilities levels involved. ### Institutional And Mechanism Guarantees For Adhering To And Improving The Socialist Rule - Of - Law System With Chinese Characteristics The Decision emphasizes that “to adhere to and improve [this system], we must unswervingly follow the path of socialist rule - of - law with Chinese characteristics; fully promote comprehensive advancement towards legality; jointly advance governing state according to law exercising power legally conducting administrative affairs based on statutes; jointly build countries governments societies under the rule at same time”; “fully promote scientific legislation strict enforcement fair justice universal compliance”. It also proposes a series of important measures from four aspects to strengthen institutional guarantees effectively: #### Improving The System And Mechanism To Ensure The Full Implementation Of The Constitution The Constitution is a fundamental law of the country, a general charter for governing the country and ensuring its stability, and a general basis for comprehensively promoting the rule of law. To adhere to the rule of law, one first needs adherence to constitutional principles while exercising power legally means following its provisions strictly. Therefore, improving mechanisms ensuring full implementation of the Constitution is a top priority. Accordingly, the Decision puts forward measures such as strengthening monitoring over implementation; implementing procedures for interpreting articles; promoting reviews regarding constitutionality compliance; enhancing filing review capabilities; legally revoking correcting any unconstitutional regulatory documents clarifying key steps necessary for full realization. Regarding practical issues faced during implementation, it emphasizes upholding supremacy of both constitution laws strengthening equality protection mechanisms maintaining unity dignity authority across national legal systems holding accountable all actions violating either document aiming at increasing awareness respect faithfulness towards it among all members society ensuring its leading role in national societal governance is fully realized. #### Optimizing Legislation Mechanisms “As good laws are established across the land, peace and prosperity will follow; establish them within one nation’s borders similarly positive outcomes await.” Building a socialist rule - of - law system with Chinese characteristics requires continuous improvement of legislative work to play a leading driving role. Currently compared against requirements set forth by development Party state undertakings growing expectations from people’s pursuit better lives goals set forth achieving greater modernity management systems some aspects current legislative frameworks do not meet needs adequately requiring prompt attention improvement. Therefore, the Decision emphasizes adhering to scientific democratic legal approaches optimizing working patterns led by Party committees dominated by people’s congresses supported administratively involving multiple parties jointly amending repealing interpreting laws while continuously enhancing quality efficiency legislative processes simultaneously outlining priorities future periods including improving legal systems centered around the Constitution strengthening legislation key areas accelerating construction extraterritorial application frameworks ensuring good policies lead good governance. #### Improving Systems Ensuring Social Justice Through Legal Means Justice represents lifeblood within any legal system. As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era accompanied by profound changes in social contradictions, efforts must now focus on meeting increasing demands placed upon democracy, rule - of - law, fairness, equality, security environmental protection among others populations. The Decision emphasizes building legal frameworks centered around people relying upon them strengthening human rights protections ensuring broad freedoms rights obligations are guaranteed guiding everyone become loyal advocates conscious practitioners resolute defenders thereof meanwhile making detailed arrangements clear requests regarding operations carried out through various law enforcing adjudicating bodies including insisting strict compliance enforcement prosecution standardizing civilized behavior limiting discretionary powers increasing efforts targeting areas closely related people’s interests deepening comprehensive reforms judicial systems improving trial procuratorial systems fully implementing responsibility frameworks enhancing lawyer services strengthening supervision over judicial activities ensuring fair efficient authoritative outcomes enabling people feel sense justice every case handled before them #### Strengthening Supervision Over Law Enforcement Administrative, supervisory, judicial, and procuratorial powers all play vital roles carrying out enforcing laws directly affecting well - being ordinary citizens. The Decision emphasizes proper exercise these authorities safeguarding legitimate rights organizations while resolutely eliminating interference. Key tasks include expanding scope public interest litigation cases increasing penalties severe violations introducing punitive compensation schemes strictly pursuing criminal liabilities intensifying publicity campaigns enhancing public awareness legal matters improving service networks strengthening public participation. To give full play exemplary roles played “key minorities,” decision states party organs leaders at all levels should take lead respecting learning abiding using laws improving abilities applying legal thinking methods reform development conflict resolution maintenance stability risk response situations