Daily Wisdom
My grandfather once told me: the soul of business is not
making money but making people happy.
– Aliko Dangote, Entrepreneur
我的祖父曾告诉我，企业的灵魂不是赚钱，而是让人快乐。
– 阿里科·丹格特 (企业家)
第一种类型：which引导的非限制性定语从句
which指代整个主句的内容，它引导的定语从句一般位于主句的后面，它的意
思是“这(那)件事……”，在这些从句中which作主语或宾语。如：
1. Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office.
A. which B. that C. this D. it
解析：which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语。答案为A。
第二种类型：as引导的非限制性定语从句
as也可指代整个主句的内容，但不同于which的是，它引导的定语从句既可以
位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后面。它的意思是“正如”，在这些从句
中as 作主语或宾语。如：
1. _________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When B. After C. As D. Since
解析：引导非限制性定语从句且位于主句之前，用as引导。答案为C。
第三种类型：由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
用于这种情况的关系代词一般为which(指物)和whom(指人)。在这种结构中，介词的选择非常关键如：
1. He was educated at a local grammar school, _________ he went on to Cambridge.
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
2. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _________ they are being trained.
A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which
解析：第1题选C，after which 指“在此之后”；第2题选D，考查的对应搭配是be trained for the jobs。
第四种类型：由where, when, why引导的定语从句
关系副词where, when, why引导定语从句时，它们分别在从句中充当地点时间、原因状语。如：
1.—Is that the small town you often refer to?
—Right, just the one _________ you know I used to work for years. (福建卷)
A. that B. which C. where D. what
解析：选where，表示“……的地方”，引导定语从句，表示地点。
状语从句
1、时间状语从句
常用引导词: when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词: the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant,
immediately , directly, no sooner …than, hardly …when, scarcely …when
I didn't realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard (果园) the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
2、地点状语从句
常用引导词: where
特殊引导词: wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
3、原因状语从句
常用引导词: because, since, as, for
特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering
that, as much as, so much as
My friends dislike me because I'm handsome and successful.
Now that everybody has come, let's begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to
earn more.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite
remarkable.
4、目的状语从句
常用引导词: so that, in order that
特殊引导词: lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear
more clearly.
5、结果状语从句
常用引导词: so that, so…that, such …that,
特殊引导词: such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It's such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he excited that he couldn't sleep last night.
6、条件状语从句
常用引导词: if, unless,
特殊引导词: as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case
that, on condition that
We'll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
7、让步状语从句
常用引导词: though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词: as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首),no
matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever,
however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can't agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意他的建议。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won't listen whatever you may say.
8、比较状语从句
常用引导词: as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词: the more …the more …; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y;
no …more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。
9、方式状语从句
常用引导词: as, as if, how
特殊引导词: the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
Listening & Speaking Practice
1. Watch the video clip of I Lost My Wallet.
2. Watch the video clip of AI Development Plan.
