ž   Describe the basiccharacteristics and functions of good beginnings and endings.

ž   Plan effective introductions and conclusions.

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1.        arrest [ə'rest]引起…的注意，吸引if something arrests you orarrests your attention, you notice it because it is interesting or unusual

2.        stirring word激动人心的话语

3.        wrap up   v. 总结

4.        call to action 行动呼吁；行动号召

5.        make an appeal 呼吁，恳求

6.        propel an action 驱使行动

7.        status quo /‚steɪtəs 'kwəʊ, / n. 现状

8.        mundane ['mʌndeɪn; mʌn'deɪn]adj. 世俗的，平凡的；世界的，宇宙的

9.        reinforce[riːɪn'fɔːs]vt. 加强，加固；强化；补充

10.    opener 开场白

11.    a fraction of一小部分；一部分；零点几

12.    render使得，致使

13.    circular close 首尾呼应的结尾

14.    echon. 回音；呼应

15.    repetitive close 重复性结尾

16.    climax ['klaɪmæks]高潮

17.    overwhelming adj. [,ovɚ'wɛlmɪŋ]压倒性的；势不可挡的

18.    subtopic n. 副主题；小标题

bangvt.重击；发巨响

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