于 敏
国防科技事业改革发展的重要推动者
于敏，男，汉族，中共党员，1926年8月出生，天津宁河人，中国工程物理研究院原副院长、研究员，中国科学院院士。他是我国著名的核物理学家，长期主持核武器理论研究、设计，解决了大量理论问题，为我国核武器的发展作出了重要贡献。上世纪80年代以来，在二代核武器研制中，突破关键技术，使我国核武器技术发展迈上了一个新台阶，对我国科技自主创新能力的提升和国防实力的增强作出了开创性贡献。荣获“两弹一星”功勋奖章、国家最高科学技术奖、“全国五一劳动奖章”和“全国敬业奉献模范”称号。
于敏长期主持核武器理论研究、设计，解决了大量理论问题，为我国核武器的发展作出了重要贡献。上世纪80年代以来，在二代核武器研制中，突破关键技术，使我国核武器技术发展迈上了一个新台阶，对我国科技自主创新能力的提升和国防实力的增强作出了开创性贡献。
国产土专家
于敏父亲是当时天津市的一位小职员，母亲出生于普通百姓家庭。于敏上有一个姐姐，在北京师范大学读书时加入中国共产党；下有一个弟弟和妹妹，早年夭折。于敏7岁时开始在芦台镇上小学。中学先在天津木斋中学念，后转学到天津耀华中学。1944年于敏上了北京大学工学院。但是上学后，于敏发现，因为这里是工学院，所以，老师只是把知识告诉学生会用就行了，根本不告诉学生根源。这使于敏很快就失去了兴趣。1946年，他转入了理学院去念物理，并将自己的专业方向定为理论物理。1949年于敏本科毕业后，考取了张宗遂先生的研究生。后张病了，指导他学业的便是胡宁教授。他的学术论文就是在胡的指导下完成的。后来，于敏被彭桓武、钱三强调到了中科院近代物理研究所。这个所是1950年成立的，当时由钱三强任所长，王淦昌和彭桓武任副所长。当时我国科学界一片空白，他们高瞻远瞩，创建了新中国第一个核科学技术研究基地。由于于敏在原子核理论物理研究方面取得的进展，1955年，他被授予“全国青年社会主义建设积极分子”的称号。1956年晋升为副研究员。1957年，以朝永振一朗(后获诺贝尔物理奖)为团长的日本原子核物理和场论方面的访华代表团来华访问，年轻的于敏参加了接待。于敏的才华给对方留下了深刻印象，他们回国后，发表文章称于敏为中国的“国产土专家一号”。“国产土专家”的称号由此而来。
【大国工匠：于敏：“中国氢弹之父”，为祖国强盛奉献一生】
Yu Min, male, Han ethnicity, a member of the Communist Party of China, was born in August 1926 in Ninghe, Tianjin. He was the former deputy director and researcher of the China Academy of Engineering Physics and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is a well - known nuclear physicist in China. He long - term presided over the theoretical research and design of nuclear weapons, solved a large number of theoretical problems, and made important contributions to the development of China's nuclear weapons. Since the 1980s, in the development of the second - generation nuclear weapons, he broke through key technologies, enabling China's nuclear weapon technology to reach a new level and making groundbreaking contributions to the improvement of China's independent innovation ability in science and technology and the enhancement of national defense strength. He won the "Two Bombs, One Satellite" Merit Medal, the National Highest Science and Technology Award, the "National May 1st Labor Medal", and the title of "National Model of Dedication and Devotion". Yu Min long - term presided over the theoretical research and design of nuclear weapons, solved a large number of theoretical problems, and made important contributions to the development of China's nuclear weapons. Since the 1980s, in the development of the second - generation nuclear weapons, he broke through key technologies, enabling China's nuclear weapon technology to reach a new level and making groundbreaking contributions to the improvement of China's independent innovation ability in science and technology and the enhancement of national defense strength. A home - grown expert Yu Min's father was a junior clerk in Tianjin at that time, and his mother was from an ordinary family. Yu Min had an elder sister who joined the Communist Party of China while studying at Beijing Normal University; he also had a younger brother and a younger sister, who died in their early years. Yu Min started primary school in Lutai Town at the age of 7. He first studied at Tianjin Muzhai Middle School and then transferred to Tianjin Yaohua Middle School. In 1944, Yu Min entered the School of Engineering of Peking University. However, after starting school, Yu Min found that since it was an engineering school, the teachers only taught students how to use knowledge without explaining the root causes. This quickly made Yu Min lose interest. In 1946, he transferred to the School of Science to study physics and set his major direction as theoretical physics. After graduating from undergraduate studies in 1949, Yu Min was admitted as a postgraduate student under the supervision of Mr. Zhang Zongsui. Later, when Zhang was ill, it was Professor Hu Ning who guided his studies. His academic thesis was completed under Hu's guidance. Later, Yu Min was transferred to the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences by Peng Huanwu and Qian Sanqiang. This institute was established in 1950, with Qian Sanqiang serving as the director and Wang Ganchang and Peng Huanwu as deputy directors. At that time, China's scientific community was in a blank state. They had far - reaching vision and established the first nuclear science and technology research base in New China. Due to the progress Yu Min made in the theoretical research of nuclear physics, in 1955, he was awarded the title of "National Youth Activist in Socialist Construction". He was promoted to an associate researcher in 1956. In 1957, a delegation from Japan in the fields of nuclear physics and field theory, led by Sin - Itiro Tomonaga (who later won the Nobel Prize in Physics), visited China. The young Yu Min participated in the reception. Yu Min's talent left a deep impression on the delegation. After they returned to Japan, they published an article calling Yu Min "China's No . 1 home - grown expert". Thus came the title "home - grown expert". [Great Craftsmen of the Country: Yu Min: "Father of China's Hydrogen Bomb", Devoted His Life to the Prosperity of the Motherland]
